@Adaptive称为自适应扩展点注解。
在实际应用场景中,一个扩展接口往往会有多种实现类,因为Dubbo是基于URL驱动,所以在运行时,通过传入URL中的某些参数来动态控制具体实现,这便是Dubbo的扩展点自适应特性。
在Dubbo中,@Adaptive一般用来修饰类和接口方法,在整个Dubbo框架中,只有少数几个地方使用在类级别上,如AdaptiveExtensionFactory和AdaptiveCompiler,其余都标注在方法上。
当扩展点的方法被@Adaptive修饰时,在Dubbo初始化扩展点时会自动生成和编译一个动态的Adaptive类。
以Protocol接口为例:
@SPI("dubbo")
public interface Protocol {
int getDefaultPort();
@Adaptive
<T> Exporter<T> export(Invoker<T> invoker) throws RpcException;
@Adaptive
<T> Invoker<T> refer(Class<T> type, URL url) throws RpcException;
void destroy();
}
export和refer方法都被@Adaptive修饰,Dubbo在初始化扩展点时,会生成一个Protocol$Adaptive类,里面会实现这两个方法,生成的代码如下:
public class Protocol$Adaptive implements org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol {
public void destroy() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The method public abstract void org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.destroy() of interface org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol is not adaptive method!");
}
public int getDefaultPort() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The method public abstract int org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.getDefaultPort() of interface org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol is not adaptive method!");
}
public org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Exporter export(org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Invoker arg0) throws org.apache.dubbo.rpc.RpcException {
if (arg0 == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument == null");
if (arg0.getUrl() == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument getUrl() == null");
org.apache.dubbo.common.URL url = arg0.getUrl();
String extName = (url.getProtocol() == null ? "dubbo" : url.getProtocol());
if (extName == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to get extension (org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url (" + url.toString() + ") use keys([protocol])");
org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol extension =
(org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.class).getExtension(extName);
return extension.export(arg0);
}
public org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Invoker refer(java.lang.Class arg0, org.apache.dubbo.common.URL arg1) throws org.apache.dubbo.rpc.RpcException {
if (arg1 == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");
org.apache.dubbo.common.URL url = arg1;
String extName = (url.getProtocol() == null ? "dubbo" : url.getProtocol());
if (extName == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to get extension (org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url (" + url.toString() + ") use keys([protocol])");
org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol extension =
(org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.class).getExtension(extName);
return extension.refer(arg0, arg1);
}
}
方法里会有一些抽象的通用逻辑,根据解析URL得到的信息,找到并调用真正的实现类,这显然是一种动态代理模式。
以AdaptiveCompiler类为例,它作为Compiler扩展点的实现类,被@Adaptive在类级别修饰。
@Adaptive
public class AdaptiveCompiler implements Compiler {
private static volatile String DEFAULT_COMPILER;
public static void setDefaultCompiler(String compiler) {
DEFAULT_COMPILER = compiler;
}
@Override
public Class<?> compile(String code, ClassLoader classLoader) {
Compiler compiler;
ExtensionLoader<Compiler> loader = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Compiler.class);
String name = DEFAULT_COMPILER; // copy reference
if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
compiler = loader.getExtension(name);
} else {
compiler = loader.getDefaultExtension();
}
return compiler.compile(code, classLoader);
}
}
在类所在工程的resource/META-INF/dubbo/internal路径下可以找到扩展点配置文件org.apache.dubbo.common.compiler.Compiler
adaptive=org.apache.dubbo.common.compiler.support.AdaptiveCompiler
jdk=org.apache.dubbo.common.compiler.support.JdkCompiler
javassist=org.apache.dubbo.common.compiler.support.JavassistCompiler
这样在Dubbo加载扩展点时便可以根据adaptive属性找到AdaptiveComiler实现类,再通过compiler方法决定是调用默认实现,还是指定的实现,默认实现由扩展点接口上的@SPI注解指定。
@SPI("javassist")
public interface Compiler {
/**
* Compile java source code.
*
* @param code Java source code
* @param classLoader classloader
* @return Compiled class
*/
Class<?> compile(String code, ClassLoader classLoader);
}
对比方法级别,类级别省略了生成动态代理类的过程,由指定类决定具体实现,另外对于同一个扩展点,类级别的Adaptive只能有一个。