Feign简介与简单应用

一 点睛

Feign是Netflix开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端， Feign可以帮助我们更快捷、优雅地调用HTTP API。

在Spring Cloud中，使用Feign非常简单——创建一个接口，并在接口上添加一些注解，代码就完成了。Feign支持多种注解，例如Feign自带的注解或者JAX-RS注解等。

Spring Cloud对Feign进行了增强，使Feign支持了Spring MVC注解，并整合了Ribbon和Eureka，从而让Feign的使用更加方便。

Spring Cloud Feign是基于Netflix feign实现，整合了Spring Cloud Ribbon和Spring Cloud Hystrix，除了提供这两者的强大功能外，还提供了一种声明式的Web服务客户端定义的方式。

Spring Cloud Feign帮助我们定义和实现依赖服务接口的定义。在Spring Cloud feign的实现下，只需要创建一个接口并用注解方式配置它，即可完成服务提供方的接口绑定，简化了在使用Spring Cloud Ribbon时自行封装服务调用客户端的开发量。

Spring Cloud Feign具备可插拔的注解支持，支持Feign注解、JAX-RS注解和Spring MVC的注解。

 

二 创建项目microservice-consumer-movie-feign

三 添加Feign依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>microservice-consumer-movie-feign</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--添加feign依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Camden.SR4</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  <!-- 添加spring-boot的maven插件 -->
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

四 创建一个Feign接口，并添加@FeignClient注解

package com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.entity.User;

@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
  @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

五 修改Controller代码，让其调用Feign接口

package com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.entity.User;
import com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.feign.UserFeignClient;

@RestController
public class MovieController {
  @Autowired
  private UserFeignClient userFeignClient;

  @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    return this.userFeignClient.findById(id);
  }
}

六 修改启动类，为其添加@EnableFeignClients注解

package com.itmuch.cloud.study;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class ConsumerMovieApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
  }
}

七 测试

1 启动eureka

2 启动2个user实例

3 启动feign

4 多次访问http://localhost:8010/user/1

发现两个微服务实例都会打印如下日志：

Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?