NSDateFormatter有下面2个方法:
- (NSString *)stringFromDate:(NSDate*)date;//NSDate转NSString
- (NSDate *)dateFromString:(NSString*)string;//NSString转NSDate
e.g.
NSString *dateString=@"1900-01-01";
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter=[[NSDateFormatteralloc]init];
[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];
NSDate *date=[dateFormatter dateFromString:dateString];
[dateFormatter release];
NSString转NSDate与上面类似
NSString *dateString=[dateFormatterdateFromString:[NSDate date]];
2.NSDateFormatter 的一些格式介绍
[dateFormattersetDateFormat:@"yyyy年MM月dd日#EEEE"];EEEE为星期几,EEE为周几
[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss"];
[dateFormattersetDateFormat:@"yyyy年MMMMd日"];//MMMM 为xx月,一个d可以省去01日前的0
3.NSString转NSDate少一天的解决办法
用下面这种格式化方式
1.[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss"];
2.
NSCalendar *calendar =[NSCalendar currentCalendar];
NSDateComponents *components =[calendar components:(NSDayCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit|
NSYearCalendarUnit) fromDate:[NSDate date]];
NSDate *todayDate = [calendardateFromComponents:components];
NSDate存储的是世界标准时(UTC),输出时需要根据时区转换为本地时间
Dates
NSDate类提供了创建date,比较date以及计算两个date之间间隔的功能。Date对象是不可改变的。
如果你要创建date对象并表示当前日期,你可以alloc一个NSDate对象并调用init初始化:
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NSDate *now = [[NSDate alloc] init];
或者使用NSDate的date类方法来创建一个日期对象。如果你需要与当前日期不同的日期,你可以使用NSDate的initWithTimeInterval...或dateWithTimeInterval...方法,你也可以使用更复杂的calendar或date components对象。
创建一定时间间隔的NSDate对象:
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NSTimeInterval secondsPerDay = 24 * 60 * 60;
NSDate *tomorrow = [[NSDate alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:secondsPerDay];
NSDate *yesterday = [[NSDate alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-secondsPerDay];
[tomorrow release];
[yesterday release];
使用增加时间间隔的方式来生成NSDate对象:
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NSTimeInterval secondsPerDay = 24 * 60 * 60;
NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
NSDate *tomorrow, *yesterday;
tomorrow = [today dateByAddingTimeInterval: secondsPerDay];
yesterday = [today dateByAddingTimeInterval: -secondsPerDay];
[today release];
如果要对NSDate对象进行比较,可以使用isEqualToDate:, compare:, laterDate:和 earlierDate:方法。这些方法都进行精确比较,也就是说这些方法会一直精确比较到NSDate对象中秒一级。例如,你可能比较两个日期,如果他们之间的间隔在一分钟之内则认为这两个日期是相等的。在这种情况下使用,timeIntervalSinceDate:方法来对两个日期进行比较。下面的代码进行了示例:
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if (fabs([date2 timeIntervalSinceDate:date1]) < 60) ...
NSCalendar & NSDateComponents
日历对象封装了对系统日期的计算,包括这一年开始,总天数以及划分。你将使用日历对象对绝对日期与date components(包括年,月,日,时,分,秒)进行转换。
NSCalendar定义了不同的日历,包括佛教历,格里高利历等(这些都与系统提供的本地化设置相关)。NSCalendar与NSDateComponents对象紧密相关。
你可以通过NSCalendar对象的currentCalendar方法来获得当前系统用户设置的日历。
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NSCalendar *currentCalendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar];
NSCalendar *japaneseCalendar = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSJapaneseCalendar];
NSCalendar *usersCalendar = [[NSLocale currentLocale] objectForKey:NSLocaleCalendar];
usersCalendar和currentCalendar对象是相等的,尽管他们是不同的对象。
你可以使用NSDateComponents对象来表示一个日期对象的组件——例如年,月,日和小时。如果要使一个NSDateComponents对象有意义,你必须将其与一个日历对象相关联。下面的代码示例了如何创建一个NSDateComponents对象:
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NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[components setDay:6];
[components setMonth:5];
[components setYear:2004];
NSInteger weekday = [components weekday]; // Undefined (== NSUndefinedDateComponent)
要将一个日期对象解析到相应的date components,你可以使用NSCalendar的components:fromDate:方法。此外日期本身,你需要指定NSDateComponents对象返回组件。
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NSDate *today = [NSDate date];
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
NSDateComponents *weekdayComponents = [gregorian components:(NSDayCalendarUnit | NSWeekdayCalendarUnit) fromDate:today];
NSInteger day = [weekdayComponents day];
NSInteger weekday = [weekdayComponents weekday];
同样你也可以从NSDateComponents对象来创建NSDate对象:
NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[components setWeekday:2]; // Monday
[components setWeekdayOrdinal:1]; // The first Monday in the month
[components setMonth:5]; // May
[components setYear:2008];
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
NSDate *date = [gregorian dateFromComponents:components];
为了保证正确的行为,您必须确保使用的组件在日历上是有意义的。指定“出界”日历组件,如一个-6或2月30日在公历中的日期值产生未定义的行为。
你也可以创建一个不带年份的NSDate对象,这样的操作系统会自动生成一个年份,但在后面的代码中不会使用其自动生成的年份。
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NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[components setMonth:11];
[components setDay:7];
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
NSDate *birthday = [gregorian dateFromComponents:components];
下面的示例显示了如何从一个日历置换到另一个日历:
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NSDateComponents *comps = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[comps setDay:6];
[comps setMonth:5];
[comps setYear:2004];
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
NSDate *date = [gregorian dateFromComponents:comps];
[comps release];
[gregorian release];
NSCalendar *hebrew = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSHebrewCalendar];
NSUInteger unitFlags = NSDayCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSYearCalendarUnit;
NSDateComponents *components = [hebrew components:unitFlags fromDate:date];
NSInteger day = [components day]; // 15
NSInteger month = [components month]; // 9
NSInteger year = [components year]; // 5764
历法计算
在当前时间加上一个半小时:
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NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
NSDateComponents *offsetComponents = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[offsetComponents setHour:1];
[offsetComponents setMinute:30];
// Calculate when, according to Tom Lehrer, World War III will end
NSDate *endOfWorldWar3 = [gregorian dateByAddingComponents:offsetComponents toDate:today options:0];
获得当前星期中的星期天(使用格里高利历):
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NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
// Get the weekday component of the current date
NSDateComponents *weekdayComponents = [gregorian components:NSWeekdayCalendarUnit fromDate:today];
/*
Create a date components to represent the number of days to subtract from the current date.
The weekday value for Sunday in the Gregorian calendar is 1, so subtract 1 from the number of days to subtract from the date in question. (If today is Sunday, subtract 0 days.)
*/
NSDateComponents *componentsToSubtract = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[componentsToSubtract setDay: 0 - ([weekdayComponents weekday] - 1)];
NSDate *beginningOfWeek = [gregorian dateByAddingComponents:componentsToSubtract toDate:today options:0];
/*
Optional step:
beginningOfWeek now has the same hour, minute, and second as the original date (today).
To normalize to midnight, extract the year, month, and day components and create a new date from those components.
*/
NSDateComponents *components = [gregorian components:(NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit) fromDate: beginningOfWeek];
beginningOfWeek = [gregorian dateFromComponents:components];
如何可以计算出一周的第一天(根据系统的日历设置):
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NSDate *today = [[NSDate alloc] init];
NSDate *beginningOfWeek = nil;
BOOL ok = [gregorian rangeOfUnit:NSWeekCalendarUnit startDate:&beginningOfWeek interval:NULL forDate: today];
获得两个日期之间的间隔:
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NSDate *startDate = ...;
NSDate *endDate = ...;
NSCalendar *gregorian = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
NSUInteger unitFlags = NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit;
NSDateComponents *components = [gregorian components:unitFlags fromDate:startDate toDate:endDate options:0];
NSInteger months = [components month];
NSInteger days = [components day];
使用Category来计算同一时代(AD|BC)两个日期午夜之间的天数:
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@implementation NSCalendar (MySpecialCalculations)
-(NSInteger)daysWithinEraFromDate:(NSDate *) startDate toDate:(NSDate *) endDate {
NSInteger startDay=[self ordinalityOfUnit:NSDayCalendarUnit inUnit: NSEraCalendarUnit forDate:startDate];
NSInteger endDay=[self ordinalityOfUnit:NSDayCalendarUnit inUnit: NSEraCalendarUnit forDate:endDate];
return endDay-startDay;
}
@end
使用Category来计算不同时代(AD|BC)两个日期的天数:
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@implementation NSCalendar (MyOtherMethod)
-(NSInteger) daysFromDate:(NSDate *) startDate toDate:(NSDate *) endDate {
NSCalendarUnit units=NSEraCalendarUnit | NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit;
NSDateComponents *comp1=[self components:units fromDate:startDate];
NSDateComponents *comp2=[self components:units fromDate endDate];
[comp1 setHour:12];
[comp2 setHour:12];
NSDate *date1=[self dateFromComponents: comp1];
NSDate *date2=[self dateFromComponents: comp2];
return [[self components:NSDayCalendarUnit fromDate:date1 toDate:date2 options:0] day];
}
@end
判断一个日期是否在当前一周内(使用格里高利历):
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-(BOOL)isDateThisWeek:(NSDate *)date {
NSDate *start;
NSTimeInterval extends;
NSCalendar *cal=[NSCalendar autoupdatingCurrentCalendar];
NSDate *today=[NSDate date];
BOOL success= [cal rangeOfUnit:NSWeekCalendarUnit startDate:&start interval: &extends forDate:today];
if(!success)
return NO;
NSTimeInterval dateInSecs = [date timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
NSTimeInterval dayStartInSecs= [start timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
if(dateInSecs > dayStartInSecs && dateInSecs < (dayStartInSecs+extends)){
return YES;
}
else {
return NO;
}
}
NSDate 使用 ios时间的秒数
取当前时间的秒数
NSTimeInterval time = [[NSDate date] timeIntervalSince1970];
long long int date = (long long int)time;
NSLog(@”date\n%d”, date); //1295322949
//把秒数转化成yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss格式
NSDate *dd = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:date];
NSLog(@”d:%@”,dd); //2011-01-18 03:55:49 +0000
//给一个时间秒数,取出对应的时间
NSString *s = @”1295355600000″; //对应21:00
NSDate *d = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:[s doubleValue]/1000];
NSLog(@”dddd:%@”,d); //2011-01-18 13:00:00 +0000
NSDateFormatter *formatter1 = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[formatter1 setDateFormat:@"HH:mm"];
NSString *showtimeNew = [formatter1 stringFromDate:d];
NSLog(@”showtimeNew:%@”,showtimeNew); //21:00 比d的时间 +8小时
[formatter1 release];
1. 创建或初始化可用以下方法
用于创建NSDate实例的类方法有
+ (id)date;
返回当前时间
+ (id)dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
返回以当前时间为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间
+ (id)dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
返回以2001/01/01 GMT为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间
+ (id)dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
返回以1970/01/01 GMT为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间
+ (id)distantFuture;
返回很多年以后的未来的某一天。(比如你需要一个比现在(Now)晚(大)很长时间的时间值,则可以调用该方法。测试返回了4000/12/31 16:00:00)
+ (id)distantPast;
返回很多年以前的某一天。(比如你需要一个比现在(Now)早(小)大很长时间的时间值,则可以调用该方法。测试返回了公元前0001/12/31 17:00:00)
用于创建NSDate实例的实例方法有
- (id)addTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
返回以目前的实例中保存的时间为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间
用于初始化NSDate实例的实例方法有
- (id)init;
初始化为当前时间。类似date方法
初始化为以2001/01/01 GMT为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间。类似dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:方法
- (id)initWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)secs sinceDate:(NSDate *)refDate;
初始化为以refDate为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间
- (id)initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
初始化为以当前时间为基准,然后过了secs秒的时间
2. 日期之间比较可用以下方法
- (BOOL)isEqualToDate:(NSDate *)otherDate;
与otherDate比较,相同返回YES
- (NSDate *)earlierDate:(NSDate *)anotherDate;
与anotherDate比较,返回较早的那个日期
- (NSDate *)laterDate:(NSDate *)anotherDate;
与anotherDate比较,返回较晚的那个日期
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSDate *)other;
该方法用于排序时调用:
. 当实例保存的日期值与anotherDate相同时返回NSOrderedSame
. 当实例保存的日期值晚于anotherDate时返回NSOrderedDescending
. 当实例保存的日期值早于anotherDate时返回NSOrderedAscending
3. 取回时间间隔可用以下方法
- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSinceDate:(NSDate *)refDate;
以refDate为基准时间,返回实例保存的时间与refDate的时间间隔
- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSinceNow;
以当前时间(Now)为基准时间,返回实例保存的时间与当前时间(Now)的时间间隔
- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970;
以1970/01/01 GMT为基准时间,返回实例保存的时间与1970/01/01 GMT的时间间隔
- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate;
以2001/01/01 GMT为基准时间,返回实例保存的时间与2001/01/01 GMT的时间间隔
+ (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate;
以2001/01/01 GMT为基准时间,返回当前时间(Now)与2001/01/01 GMT的时间间隔
4. 将时间表示成字符串
- (NSString *)description;
以YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS ±HHMM的格式表示时间。(其中 “±HHMM” 表示与GMT的存在多少小时多少分钟的时区差异。比如,若时区设置在北京,则 “±HHMM” 显示为 “+0800″)
本地化
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterNoStyle];
[dateFormatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterMediumStyle];
NSDate *date = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:118800];
NSLocale *usLocale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US"];
[dateFormatter setLocale:usLocale];
NSLog(@"Date for locale %@: %@",
[[dateFormatter locale] localeIdentifier], [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date]);
// Output:
// Date for locale en_US: Jan 2, 2001
NSLocale *frLocale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"fr_FR"];
[dateFormatter setLocale:frLocale];
NSLog(@"Date for locale %@: %@",
[[dateFormatter locale] localeIdentifier], [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date]);
// Output:
// Date for locale fr_FR: 2 janv. 2001