python windows 文件锁_python lockfile（文件锁） | 学步园
一个lock file的python实现
如果多个进程，或者多个独立程序要写同一个文件，那么就存在大家同时写文件的可能，这就不妙了，数据可能会出问题。最近在网上找到一个开源的python实现，有效简洁，列出来分析下代码看看：
文件名：lockfile.py，内容如下，有部分注释加了中文，添加了一些注释。
import os
import time
import errno
class FileLockException(Exception):
pass
class FileLock(object):
""" A file locking mechanism that has context-manager support so
you can use it in a with statement. This should be relatively cross
compatible as it doesn't rely on msvcrt or fcntl for the locking.
"""
def __init__(self, file_name, timeout=10, delay=.05):
""" Prepare the file locker. Specify the file to lock and optionally
the maximum timeout and the delay between each attempt to lock.
"""
self.is_locked = False
self.lockfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "%s.lock" % file_name)
self.file_name = file_name
self.timeout = timeout
self.delay = delay
def acquire(self):
""" Acquire the lock, if possible. If the lock is in use, it check again
every `wait` seconds. It does this until it either gets the lock or
exceeds `timeout` number of seconds, in which case it throws
an exception.
"""
start_time = time.time()
while True:
try:
#独占式打开文件
self.fd = os.open(self.lockfile, os.O_CREAT|os.O_EXCL|os.O_RDWR)
break;
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
if (time.time() - start_time) >= self.timeout:
raise FileLockException("Timeout occured.")
time.sleep(self.delay)
self.is_locked = True
def release(self):
""" Get rid of the lock by deleting the lockfile.
When working in a `with` statement, this gets automatically
called at the end.
"""
#关闭文件，删除文件
if self.is_locked:
os.close(self.fd)
os.unlink(self.lockfile)
self.is_locked = False
def __enter__(self):
""" Activated when used in the with statement.
Should automatically acquire a lock to be used in the with block.
"""
if not self.is_locked:
self.acquire()
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
""" Activated at the end of the with statement.
It automatically releases the lock if it isn't locked.
"""
if self.is_locked:
self.release()
def __del__(self):
""" Make sure that the FileLock instance doesn't leave a lockfile
lying around.
"""
self.release()
"""
#use as:
from filelock import FileLock
with FileLock("myfile.txt"):
# work with the file as it is now locked
print("Lock acquired.")
"""
用法比较有意思，使用with关键字。对with关键字来说，FileLock类先执行__enter__函数，然后，执行with块里的那些代码，执行完了之后，再执行__exit__函数，等价于相当于如下形式：
try:
执行 __enter__的内容
执行 with_block.
finally:
执行 __exit__内容
FileLock在__enter__函数独占式创建或打开一个文件，这个文件不会被其他程序或者进程再次创建或者打开，由此形成lock，执行完代码，在__exit__里，关闭并删除文件