构建 react应用程序 （二）（react-scripts实现原理）

在前面讲到了使用create-react-app来创建项目，这节我们来分析下原理。 
react-scripts有以下支持，都帮你配置好了：

React, JSX, ES6, and Flow syntax support.
Language extras beyond ES6 like the object spread operator.
Import CSS and image files directly from JavaScript.
Autoprefixed CSS, so you don’t need -webkit or other prefixes.
A build script to bundle JS, CSS, and images for production, with sourcemaps.
A dev server that lints for common errors.

翻译就不翻译了，大概就是说es6、css依赖啊 图片依赖之类的都已经通过react-scripts配置好了。 
其实babel-core，webpack，等等这些 你都没下载，配置。 
这些活，react-scripts 都帮你做了。

在命令窗口输入的是npm start，而start调用的是

  "start": "react-scripts start",

找到node_modules里面的react-scripts 插件。点开bin\react-scripts.js文件内容

'use strict';

process.on('unhandledRejection', err => {
  throw err;
});

const spawn = require('react-dev-utils/crossSpawn');
const args = process.argv.slice(2);

const scriptIndex = args.findIndex(
  x => x === 'build' || x === 'eject' || x === 'start' || x === 'test'
);
const script = scriptIndex === -1 ? args[0] : args[scriptIndex];
const nodeArgs = scriptIndex > 0 ? args.slice(0, scriptIndex) : [];

switch (script) {
  case 'build':
  case 'eject':
  case 'start':
  case 'test': {
    const result = spawn.sync(
      'node',
      nodeArgs
        .concat(require.resolve('../scripts/' + script))
               //require.resolve函数来查询某个模块文件的带有完整绝对路径的文件名
        .concat(args.slice(scriptIndex + 1)),
      { stdio: 'inherit' }
    );
    if (result.signal) {
      if (result.signal === 'SIGKILL') {
        console.log(
          'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
            'This probably means the system ran out of memory or someone called ' +
            '`kill -9` on the process.'
        );
      } else if (result.signal === 'SIGTERM') {
        console.log(
          'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
            'Someone might have called `kill` or `killall`, or the system could ' +
            'be shutting down.'
        );
      }
      process.exit(1);
    }
    process.exit(result.status);
    break;
  }
  default:
    console.log('Unknown script "' + script + '".');
    console.log('Perhaps you need to update react-scripts?');
    console.log(
      'See: https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/updating-to-new-releases'
    );
    break;
}

 .concat(require.resolve('../scripts/' + script))

从上面这话可以看出调用start时需要调用scripts/start.js，点开该文件：

// @remove-on-eject-begin
/**
 * Copyright (c) 2015-present, Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */
// @remove-on-eject-end
'use strict';

// Do this as the first thing so that any code reading it knows the right env.
process.env.BABEL_ENV = 'development';
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';

// Makes the script crash on unhandled rejections instead of silently
// ignoring them. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will
// terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
process.on('unhandledRejection', err => {
  throw err;
});

// Ensure environment variables are read.
require('../config/env');
// @remove-on-eject-begin
// Do the preflight check (only happens before eject).
const verifyPackageTree = require('./utils/verifyPackageTree');
if (process.env.SKIP_PREFLIGHT_CHECK !== 'true') {
  verifyPackageTree();
}
const verifyTypeScriptSetup = require('./utils/verifyTypeScriptSetup');
verifyTypeScriptSetup();
// @remove-on-eject-end

const fs = require('fs');
const chalk = require('react-dev-utils/chalk');
const webpack = require('webpack');//这里引入了webpack
const WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server');//这里引入了webpack-dev-server
const clearConsole = require('react-dev-utils/clearConsole');
const checkRequiredFiles = require('react-dev-utils/checkRequiredFiles');
const {
  choosePort,
  createCompiler,
  prepareProxy,
  prepareUrls,
} = require('react-dev-utils/WebpackDevServerUtils');
const openBrowser = require('react-dev-utils/openBrowser');
const paths = require('../config/paths');//文件处理的配置
const configFactory = require('../config/webpack.config');
const createDevServerConfig = require('../config/webpackDevServer.config');

const useYarn = fs.existsSync(paths.yarnLockFile);
const isInteractive = process.stdout.isTTY;

// Warn and crash if required files are missing
if (!checkRequiredFiles([paths.appHtml, paths.appIndexJs])) {
  process.exit(1);
}

// Tools like Cloud9 rely on this.
const DEFAULT_PORT = parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 3000;
//端口设置 这就是为什么 端口号 不是8080 而是 3000 的原因，在这里可以改成8080，重新npm run start 生效   
const HOST = process.env.HOST || '0.0.0.0';

if (process.env.HOST) {
  console.log(
    chalk.cyan(
      `Attempting to bind to HOST environment variable: ${chalk.yellow(
        chalk.bold(process.env.HOST)
      )}`
    )
  );
  console.log(
    `If this was unintentional, check that you haven't mistakenly set it in your shell.`
  );
  console.log(
    `Learn more here: ${chalk.yellow('https://bit.ly/CRA-advanced-config')}`
  );
  console.log();
}

// We require that you explictly set browsers and do not fall back to
// browserslist defaults.
const { checkBrowsers } = require('react-dev-utils/browsersHelper');
checkBrowsers(paths.appPath, isInteractive)
  .then(() => {
    // We attempt to use the default port but if it is busy, we offer the user to
    // run on a different port. `choosePort()` Promise resolves to the next free port.
    return choosePort(HOST, DEFAULT_PORT);
  })
  .then(port => {
    if (port == null) {
      // We have not found a port.
      return;
    }
    const config = configFactory('development');
    const protocol = process.env.HTTPS === 'true' ? 'https' : 'http';
    const appName = require(paths.appPackageJson).name;
    const useTypeScript = fs.existsSync(paths.appTsConfig);
    const urls = prepareUrls(protocol, HOST, port);
    const devSocket = {
      warnings: warnings =>
        devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'warnings', warnings),
      errors: errors =>
        devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'errors', errors),
    };
    // Create a webpack compiler that is configured with custom messages.
    const compiler = createCompiler({
      appName,
      config,
      devSocket,
      urls,
      useYarn,
      useTypeScript,
      webpack,
    });
    // Load proxy config
    const proxySetting = require(paths.appPackageJson).proxy;
    const proxyConfig = prepareProxy(proxySetting, paths.appPublic);
    // Serve webpack assets generated by the compiler over a web server.
    const serverConfig = createDevServerConfig(
      proxyConfig,
      urls.lanUrlForConfig
    );
    const devServer = new WebpackDevServer(compiler, serverConfig);
    // Launch WebpackDevServer.
    devServer.listen(port, HOST, err => {
      if (err) {
        return console.log(err);
      }
      if (isInteractive) {
        clearConsole();
      }
      console.log(chalk.cyan('Starting the development server...\n'));
      openBrowser(urls.localUrlForBrowser);
    });

    ['SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'].forEach(function(sig) {
      process.on(sig, function() {
        devServer.close();
        process.exit();
      });
    });
  })
  .catch(err => {
    if (err && err.message) {
      console.log(err.message);
    }
    process.exit(1);
  });

打开config/paths.js，发现其实里面好多默认的配置都是写在该文件，可以通过修改改文件来实现自己文件的存放配置

'use strict';

const path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');
const url = require('url');

// Make sure any symlinks in the project folder are resolved:
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/637
const appDirectory = fs.realpathSync(process.cwd());
const resolveApp = relativePath => path.resolve(appDirectory, relativePath);

const envPublicUrl = process.env.PUBLIC_URL;

function ensureSlash(inputPath, needsSlash) {
  const hasSlash = inputPath.endsWith('/');
  if (hasSlash && !needsSlash) {
    return inputPath.substr(0, inputPath.length - 1);
  } else if (!hasSlash && needsSlash) {
    return `${inputPath}/`;
  } else {
    return inputPath;
  }
}

const getPublicUrl = appPackageJson =>
  envPublicUrl || require(appPackageJson).homepage;

// We use `PUBLIC_URL` environment variable or "homepage" field to infer
// "public path" at which the app is served.
// Webpack needs to know it to put the right <script> hrefs into HTML even in
// single-page apps that may serve index.html for nested URLs like /todos/42.
// We can't use a relative path in HTML because we don't want to load something
// like /todos/42/static/js/bundle.7289d.js. We have to know the root.
function getServedPath(appPackageJson) {
  const publicUrl = getPublicUrl(appPackageJson);
  const servedUrl =
    envPublicUrl || (publicUrl ? url.parse(publicUrl).pathname : '/');
  return ensureSlash(servedUrl, true);
}

const moduleFileExtensions = [
  'web.mjs',
  'mjs',
  'web.js',
  'js',
  'web.ts',
  'ts',
  'web.tsx',
  'tsx',
  'json',
  'web.jsx',
  'jsx',
];

// Resolve file paths in the same order as webpack
const resolveModule = (resolveFn, filePath) => {
  const extension = moduleFileExtensions.find(extension =>
    fs.existsSync(resolveFn(`${filePath}.${extension}`))
  );

  if (extension) {
    return resolveFn(`${filePath}.${extension}`);
  }

  return resolveFn(`${filePath}.js`);
};

// config after eject: we're in ./config/
module.exports = {
  dotenv: resolveApp('.env'),
  appPath: resolveApp('.'),
  appBuild: resolveApp('build'),
  appPublic: resolveApp('public'),
  appHtml: resolveApp('public/index.html'),
  appIndexJs: resolveModule(resolveApp, 'src/index'),
  appPackageJson: resolveApp('package.json'),
  appSrc: resolveApp('src'),
  appTsConfig: resolveApp('tsconfig.json'),
  yarnLockFile: resolveApp('yarn.lock'),
  testsSetup: resolveModule(resolveApp, 'src/setupTests'),
  proxySetup: resolveApp('src/setupProxy.js'),
  appNodeModules: resolveApp('node_modules'),
  publicUrl: getPublicUrl(resolveApp('package.json')),
  servedPath: getServedPath(resolveApp('package.json')),
};

// @remove-on-eject-begin
const resolveOwn = relativePath => path.resolve(__dirname, '..', relativePath);

// config before eject: we're in ./node_modules/react-scripts/config/
module.exports = {
  dotenv: resolveApp('.env'),
  appPath: resolveApp('.'),
  appBuild: resolveApp('build'),
  appPublic: resolveApp('public'),
  appHtml: resolveApp('public/index.html'),
  appIndexJs: resolveModule(resolveApp, 'src/index'),
  appPackageJson: resolveApp('package.json'),
  appSrc: resolveApp('src'),
  appTsConfig: resolveApp('tsconfig.json'),
  yarnLockFile: resolveApp('yarn.lock'),
  testsSetup: resolveModule(resolveApp, 'src/setupTests'),
  proxySetup: resolveApp('src/setupProxy.js'),
  appNodeModules: resolveApp('node_modules'),
  publicUrl: getPublicUrl(resolveApp('package.json')),
  servedPath: getServedPath(resolveApp('package.json')),
  // These properties only exist before ejecting:
  ownPath: resolveOwn('.'),
  ownNodeModules: resolveOwn('node_modules'), // This is empty on npm 3
  appTypeDeclarations: resolveApp('src/react-app-env.d.ts'),
  ownTypeDeclarations: resolveOwn('lib/react-app.d.ts'),
};

const ownPackageJson = require('../package.json');
const reactScriptsPath = resolveApp(`node_modules/${ownPackageJson.name}`);
const reactScriptsLinked =
  fs.existsSync(reactScriptsPath) &&
  fs.lstatSync(reactScriptsPath).isSymbolicLink();

// config before publish: we're in ./packages/react-scripts/config/
if (
  !reactScriptsLinked &&
  __dirname.indexOf(path.join('packages', 'react-scripts', 'config')) !== -1
) {
  module.exports = {
    dotenv: resolveOwn('template/.env'),
    appPath: resolveApp('.'),
    appBuild: resolveOwn('../../build'),
    appPublic: resolveOwn('template/public'),
    appHtml: resolveOwn('template/public/index.html'),
    appIndexJs: resolveModule(resolveOwn, 'template/src/index'),
    appPackageJson: resolveOwn('package.json'),
    appSrc: resolveOwn('template/src'),
    appTsConfig: resolveOwn('template/tsconfig.json'),
    yarnLockFile: resolveOwn('template/yarn.lock'),
    testsSetup: resolveModule(resolveOwn, 'template/src/setupTests'),
    proxySetup: resolveOwn('template/src/setupProxy.js'),
    appNodeModules: resolveOwn('node_modules'),
    publicUrl: getPublicUrl(resolveOwn('package.json')),
    servedPath: getServedPath(resolveOwn('package.json')),
    // These properties only exist before ejecting:
    ownPath: resolveOwn('.'),
    ownNodeModules: resolveOwn('node_modules'),
    appTypeDeclarations: resolveOwn('template/src/react-app-env.d.ts'),
    ownTypeDeclarations: resolveOwn('lib/react-app.d.ts'),
  };
}
// @remove-on-eject-end

module.exports.moduleFileExtensions = moduleFileExtensions;

点开webpack.config.dev.js，也会发现大量是曾相识的代码：

'use strict';

const errorOverlayMiddleware = require('react-dev-utils/errorOverlayMiddleware');
const evalSourceMapMiddleware = require('react-dev-utils/evalSourceMapMiddleware');
const noopServiceWorkerMiddleware = require('react-dev-utils/noopServiceWorkerMiddleware');
const ignoredFiles = require('react-dev-utils/ignoredFiles');
const paths = require('./paths');
const fs = require('fs');

const protocol = process.env.HTTPS === 'true' ? 'https' : 'http';
const host = process.env.HOST || '0.0.0.0';

module.exports = function(proxy, allowedHost) {
  return {
    // WebpackDevServer 2.4.3 introduced a security fix that prevents remote
    // websites from potentially accessing local content through DNS rebinding:
    // https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/issues/887
    // https://medium.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server-middleware-security-issues-1489d950874a
    // However, it made several existing use cases such as development in cloud
    // environment or subdomains in development significantly more complicated:
    // https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/2271
    // https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/2233
    // While we're investigating better solutions, for now we will take a
    // compromise. Since our WDS configuration only serves files in the `public`
    // folder we won't consider accessing them a vulnerability. However, if you
    // use the `proxy` feature, it gets more dangerous because it can expose
    // remote code execution vulnerabilities in backends like Django and Rails.
    // So we will disable the host check normally, but enable it if you have
    // specified the `proxy` setting. Finally, we let you override it if you
    // really know what you're doing with a special environment variable.
    disableHostCheck:
      !proxy || process.env.DANGEROUSLY_DISABLE_HOST_CHECK === 'true',
    // Enable gzip compression of generated files.
    compress: true,
    // Silence WebpackDevServer's own logs since they're generally not useful.
    // It will still show compile warnings and errors with this setting.
    clientLogLevel: 'none',
    // By default WebpackDevServer serves physical files from current directory
    // in addition to all the virtual build products that it serves from memory.
    // This is confusing because those files won’t automatically be available in
    // production build folder unless we copy them. However, copying the whole
    // project directory is dangerous because we may expose sensitive files.
    // Instead, we establish a convention that only files in `public` directory
    // get served. Our build script will copy `public` into the `build` folder.
    // In `index.html`, you can get URL of `public` folder with %PUBLIC_URL%:
    // <link rel="shortcut icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico">
    // In JavaScript code, you can access it with `process.env.PUBLIC_URL`.
    // Note that we only recommend to use `public` folder as an escape hatch
    // for files like `favicon.ico`, `manifest.json`, and libraries that are
    // for some reason broken when imported through Webpack. If you just want to
    // use an image, put it in `src` and `import` it from JavaScript instead.
    contentBase: paths.appPublic,
    // By default files from `contentBase` will not trigger a page reload.
    watchContentBase: true,
    // Enable hot reloading server. It will provide /sockjs-node/ endpoint
    // for the WebpackDevServer client so it can learn when the files were
    // updated. The WebpackDevServer client is included as an entry point
    // in the Webpack development configuration. Note that only changes
    // to CSS are currently hot reloaded. JS changes will refresh the browser.
    hot: true,
    // It is important to tell WebpackDevServer to use the same "root" path
    // as we specified in the config. In development, we always serve from /.
    publicPath: '/',
    // WebpackDevServer is noisy by default so we emit custom message instead
    // by listening to the compiler events with `compiler.hooks[...].tap` calls above.
    quiet: true,
    // Reportedly, this avoids CPU overload on some systems.
    // https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/293
    // src/node_modules is not ignored to support absolute imports
    // https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/1065
    watchOptions: {
      ignored: ignoredFiles(paths.appSrc),
    },
    // Enable HTTPS if the HTTPS environment variable is set to 'true'
    https: protocol === 'https',
    host,
    overlay: false,
    historyApiFallback: {
      // Paths with dots should still use the history fallback.
      // See https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/387.
      disableDotRule: true,
    },
    public: allowedHost,
    proxy,
    before(app, server) {
      if (fs.existsSync(paths.proxySetup)) {
        // This registers user provided middleware for proxy reasons
        require(paths.proxySetup)(app);
      }

      // This lets us fetch source contents from webpack for the error overlay
      app.use(evalSourceMapMiddleware(server));
      // This lets us open files from the runtime error overlay.
      app.use(errorOverlayMiddleware());

      // This service worker file is effectively a 'no-op' that will reset any
      // previous service worker registered for the same host:port combination.
      // We do this in development to avoid hitting the production cache if
      // it used the same host and port.
      // https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/2272#issuecomment-302832432
      app.use(noopServiceWorkerMiddleware());
    },
  };
};

所以说我们以前通过手动配置的webpack.config.js的内容，react-scripts都已经帮我们做了，大大方便了我们的使用。