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Oracle 管理多租户环境之CDB管理

胡昊
2023-12-01

 CDB的管理

1.当前容器

  • 通过SYS_CONTEXT命令来查看,

 col con_id format a10
col con_name format a20
select sys_context('userenv','con_id') as con_id,sys_context('userenv','con_name') as con_name from dual;

  • 通过show 命令
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 11:07:06 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> col con_id format a10
SQL> col con_name format a20
SQL> select sys_context('userenv','con_id') as con_id,sys_context('userenv','con_name') as con_name from dual;

CON_ID     CON_NAME
---------- --------------------
1          CDB$ROOT

SQL> 
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> 
SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           READ WRITE NO
         4 PDB2                           MOUNTED
         5 CNDBAPDB                       MOUNTED
         6 CNDBAPDB3                      MOUNTED
         7 CNDBAPDB2                      MOUNTED
         8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH                READ ONLY  NO
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL> 

 2.修改CDB的参数

[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ 
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 11:26:54 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> col name for a20
SQL> select con_id,name,ispdb_modifiable from v$system_parameter where name='open_cursors';

    CON_ID NAME                 ISPDB
---------- -------------------- -----
         0 open_cursors         TRUE

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     300
SQL> alter system set open_cursors = 301;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     301
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     301
SQL> 

3.修改PDB的参数

   1.使用ALTER DATABASE 命令修改CDB的参数。

  • 以公共用户身份连接到CDB root,可以通过ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 语句来修改PDB的相关配置
  • 也可以直接连接到PDB中,通过ALTER DATABASE 语句来修改相关配置。

(1) 修改CDB。当公共用户连接的是CDB root时,通过ALTER DATABASE 命令执行如下语句会修改整个CDB.

startup/recovery/logfile/controlfile/standbydatabase/instance/security/RENAME/GLOBAL_NAME/ENABLE LOCK CHANGE TRACKING/DISABLE LOCK CHANGE TRACKING

(2) 只修改CDB root 。当公共用户连接的是CDB root时,通过ALTER DATABASE 命令执行如下语句只修改CDB root

datafile/DEFAULT EDITION/DEFAULT TABLESPACE/ DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE

(3)  修改一个或多个PDB。公共用户连接到CDB root时,可以通过ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 语句修改PDB的打开状态(MOUNT/READ ONLY/READ WRITE),以及保存/忽略PDB的打开状态。

2.使用ALTER DATABASE命令修改CDB的UNDO模式。

[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 13:39:46 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> col property_name for a30;
SQL> col property_value for a20;
SQL> select property_name,property_value from database_properties where property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';

PROPERTY_NAME                  PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED             TRUE

SQL> 

TRUE代表本地UNDO模式,FLASE代表共享UNDO模式。

(2)共享UNDO模式转换为本地UNDO模式的步骤如下:

关闭CDB,代码如下

shutdown immediate;

以UPGRADE方式启动CDB,代码如下:

STARTUP UPGRADE;

确认当前容器是CDB root,代码如下:

show con_name;

启动本地UNDO,代码

ALTER DATABASE LOCAL UNDO ON;

重启 CDB,正常打开,

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;

(3) 本地UNDO模式转换为共享UNDO模式的步骤如下:

关闭CDB

shutdown immediate

以UPGRADE方式启动CDB,

STARTUP UPGRADE;

确认当前容器是CDB root,

SHOW CON_NAME

禁用本地UNDO

ALTER DATABASE LOCAL UNDO OFF

重启CDB,正常打开,

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

STARTUP;

4.CDB和PDB参数保存位置说明

# CDB

SQL> 
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0
                                                 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilecdb1.ora
SQL>


SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0
                                                 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilecdb1.ora
SQL> alter session set container=cdb$root;

Session altered.

SQL>

CDB Fleet特性

Fleet就是一个逻辑的CDB集合。其中,Lead CDB 是CDB Fleet中用于监控和管理其它CDB的。

在CDB Fleet中,可以通过以下方式来访问CDB和PDB中的数据:

  • CDB视图
  • GV$视图
  • CONTAINERS子句
  • 容器映射

配置CDB FLEET环境

1.设置Lead CDB ,通过以下命令启动该特性:


# 启动 LEAD CDB
SQL> 
SQL> alter database set lead_cdb = true;

Database altered.

SQL> select property_value from database_properties where property_name='LEAD_CDB';

PROPERTY_VALUE
--------------------
TRUE

SQL> 

管理PDB

管理PDB和管理普通的Non-CDB一样,可以管理表空间、数据文件、临时文件和用户对象等。

  • 启动和关闭CDB
  • 修改CDB
  • 管理以下组件:进程、内存、错误和告警信息、诊断数据、控制文件、在线redo日志、归档日志、UNDO模式。
  • 创建、插入、拔出和删除PDB。

在系统级别修改PDB

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