Rails 3.0下配置cucumber和rspec测试框架

最近开始做一个rails的项目,使用Cucumber 和 Rspec做BDD驱动开发。配置过程中发现很多细节容易出现问题，为了自己回头能记得，特此记录。

1. gems安装:以下是所有需要的gems

 
    $ 
    gem install cucumber
 
    $ 
    gem install cucumber-rails
 
    $ 
    gem install rspec
 
    $ 
    gem install rspec-rails
 
    $ 
    gem install database_cleaner
 
    $ 
    gem install gherkin
 
    $ 
    gem install capybara
 
    $ 
    gem install syntax 
   

安装完毕以后，使用命令：gem list 查看已安装的gems，我的gems如下：

 
   abstract  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
actionmailer  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
actionpack  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
activemodel  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
activerecord  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
activeresource  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
activesupport  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
arel  
   ( 
   2.0 
   . 
   9 
   ) 
   
aruba  
   ( 
   0.3 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
Ascii85  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
builder  
   ( 
   2.1 
   . 
   2 
   ) 
   
bundler  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   12 
   ) 
   
capybara  
   ( 
   0.4 
   . 
   1.2 
   ) 
   
celerity  
   ( 
   0.8 
   . 
   9 
   ) 
   
childprocess  
   ( 
   0.1 
   . 
   8 
   ) 
   
cucumber  
   ( 
   0.10 
   . 
   2 
   ) 
   
cucumber-rails  
   ( 
   0.4 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
culerity  
   ( 
   0.2 
   . 
   15 
   ) 
   
database_cleaner  
   ( 
   0.6 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
diff-lcs  
   ( 
   1.1 
   . 
   2 
   ) 
   
erubis  
   ( 
   2.6 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
ffi  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   7 
   ) 
   
gherkin  
   ( 
   2.3 
   . 
   5 
   ) 
   
i18n  
   ( 
   0.5 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
json  
   ( 
   1.5 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
json_pure  
   ( 
   1.5 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
mail  
   ( 
   2.2 
   . 
   15 
   ) 
   
mime-types  
   ( 
   1.16 
   ) 
   
minitest  
   ( 
   2.1 
   . 
   0 
   , 
     
   1.6 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
nokogiri  
   ( 
   1.4 
   . 
   4 
   ) 
   
pdf-reader  
   ( 
   0.9 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
polyglot  
   ( 
   0.3 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
prawn  
   ( 
   0.11 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
rack  
   ( 
   1.2 
   . 
   2 
   ) 
   
rack-mount  
   ( 
   0.6 
   . 
   14 
   ) 
   
rack-test  
   ( 
   0.5 
   . 
   7 
   ) 
   
rails  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
railties  
   ( 
   3.0 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
rake  
   ( 
   0.8 
   . 
   7 
   ) 
   
rdoc  
   ( 
   3.5 
   . 
   3 
   , 
     
   2.5 
   . 
   8 
   ) 
   
rspec  
   ( 
   2.5 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
rspec-core  
   ( 
   2.5 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
rspec-expectations  
   ( 
   2.5 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
rspec-mocks  
   ( 
   2.5 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
rspec-rails  
   ( 
   2.5 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
rubygems-update  
   ( 
   1.7 
   . 
   2 
   ) 
   
rubyzip  
   ( 
   0.9 
   . 
   4 
   ) 
   
selenium-webdriver  
   ( 
   0.1 
   . 
   4 
   ) 
   
sqlite3  
   ( 
   1.3 
   . 
   3 
   ) 
   
syntax  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   0 
   ) 
   
term-ansicolor  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   5 
   ) 
   
thor  
   ( 
   0.14 
   . 
   6 
   ) 
   
treetop  
   ( 
   1.4 
   . 
   9 
   ) 
   
ttfunk  
   ( 
   1.0 
   . 
   1 
   ) 
   
tzinfo  
   ( 
   0.3 
   . 
   26 
   ) 
   
xpath  
   ( 
   0.1 
   . 
   3 
   ) 
  

完成后创建项目：

 
   ~ 
   $ 
   rails new depot -T
~ 
   $ 
   cd 
    depot 
  

使用-T来去除rails自带的测试目录

然后打开项目目录下的Gemfile，为其添加测试所需的gems：

 
   group  
   :development 
   , 
     
   :test 
     
   do 
   
 gem 'cucumber' 
   , 
     
   " 
   ~> 0.10.2 
   " 
   
 gem 'rspec' 
   , 
     
   " 
   ~> 2.4 
   " 
    
 gem 'rspec-rails' 
   , 
    '~ 
   > 
     
   2.5 
   '
 gem 'cucumber-rails' 
   , 
    '~ 
   > 
     
   0.4 
   . 
   1 
   '
 gem 'capybara' 
   , 
    '~ 
   > 
     
   0.4 
   . 
   1.2 
   '
 gem 'database_cleaner' 
   , 
    '~ 
   > 
     
   0.6 
   . 
   6 
   '
 
   end 
  

 保存，然后在bash里对项目安装cucumber和rspec：

 
   depot$rails generate rspec 
   :install 
   
depot$rails generate cucumber 
   :install 
  

配置完成以后项目目录应有如下结构：

 
   depot
 |-app 
   / 
   
 |-config 
   / 
   
 |-config 
   . 
   ru
 |-db 
   / 
   
 |-doc 
   / 
   
 |-features 
   / 
   
 |-Gemfile
 |-Gemfile 
   . 
   lock
 |-lib 
   / 
   
 |-log 
   / 
   
 |-public 
   / 
   
 |-Rakefile
 |-README
 |-script 
   / 
   
 |-spec 
   / 
   
 |-tmp 
   / 
   
 |-vendor 
   / 
  

根据BDD的原则，从feature开始开发，编写第一个.feature 文件：

 
   ## 
    features 
   / 
   order 
   . 
   feature
Feature: Order
 create new orders
 Scenario 
   :customer 
    reads terms
 Given I am  
   on 
    customer terms page
 
   When 
    I press  
   " 
   Create new order 
   " 
    button
 
   Then 
    I should be  
   on 
    new order page 
  

保存后：

depot $ cucumber features

depot$rake spec

cucumber与spec应返回测试结果。至此cucumber和rspec配置完成。

需要注意的地方：

• 需注释掉features/step_definitions 目录下的web_steps.rb，此文件为模板文件，仅供编写时参考
• rake db:migrate 后还需 rake db:test:prepare
• 如配置正常，使用rails generate 生成时也会生成 rspec测试代码，放置于 spec目录下
• 测试所需的路径在 /features/support/paths.rb中编辑