Rust安装

版本：1.34.2

源码编译安装

环境准备

官方要求具备的环境：

• g++ 5.1 or later or clang++ 3.5 or later
• python 2.7 (but not 3.x)
• GNU make 3.81 or later
• cmake 3.4.3 or later
• curl
• git
• ssl which comes in libssl-dev or openssl-devel
• pkg-config if you are compiling on Linux and targeting Linux

先甭管都是用来干啥的，装上就是：

$ sudo apt install g++
$ sudo apt install python2.7
$ sudo apt install make
$ sudo apt install cmake
$ sudo apt install curl
$ sudo apt install git
$ sudo apt install libssl-dev
$ sudo apt install pkg-config

源码获取

本来可以直接git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git获取源码，但网速太慢，而且我们也不是要最新版，就自行从https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rustc-1.34.2-src.tar.gz下载了。

放到~/下解压：

$ tar -zxvf rustc-1.34.2-src.tar.gz
$ mv rustc-1.34.2-src rust
$ cd rust

编译安装

借用官方提供的config.toml：

$ cp config.toml.example config.toml

鉴于/usr/local的权限问题，在config.toml中把安装目录配置到我们的工作目录：

[install]
# Instead of installing to /usr/local, install to this path instead.
prefix = "~/rust"

编译及安装：

$ ./x.py build && ./x.py install

编译过程遇到的坑

- 1 -

获取官方crates时可能太慢卡住了，像这样：

    Updating crates.io index
       Fetch [>                                                      ]   2.81%

改用镜像站，新建~/.cargo/config，贴入：

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'ustc'
[source.ustc]
registry = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"

https可以换成git，还有一个阿里云的https://code.aliyun.com/rustcc/crates.io-index.git，但有点问题似乎暂时不能用。

- 2 -

下载crates期间遇到报错可能是网络不稳，重新运行会继续下。

- 3 -

编译Rust源码需要用到更早版本的Rust：

https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2019-02-28/rust-std-1.33.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2019-02-28/rustc-1.33.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2019-02-28/cargo-0.34.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz

网速太慢经常下载失败，可自行下载后放到~/rust/build/cache/2019-02-28。

- 4 -

error: failed to run custom build command for `compiler_builtins v0.1.23`
process didn't exit successfully: `/home/yizhi/rust/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage0-std/release/build/compiler_builtins-b25c1064dfc3ea33/build-script-build` (exit code: 101)
--- stdout
cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs
cargo:compiler-rt=/home/yizhi/.cargo/registry/src/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn-12df342d903acd47/compiler_builtins-0.1.23/compiler-rt
cargo:rustc-cfg=feature="unstable"

--- stderr
thread 'main' panicked at 'RUST_COMPILER_RT_ROOT is not set', /home/yizhi/.cargo/registry/src/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn-12df342d903acd47/compiler_builtins-0.1.23/build.rs:423:21
note: Run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.

添加环境变量

$ export RUST_COMPILER_RT_ROOT=~/rust/vendor/compiler_builtins/compiler-rt/

- 5 -

error[E0635]: unknown feature `compiler_builtins_lib`===============>  ] 35/36: std
   --> src/libstd/lib.rs:244:12
    |
244 | #![feature(compiler_builtins_lib)]
    |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

error: aborting due to previous error

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0635`.
error: Could not compile `std`.

把src/libstd/lib.rs中的#![feature(compiler_builtins_lib)]注释掉。

- 6 -

error: cannot satisfy dependencies so `unicode_width` only shows up once31/149: rustc
  |
  = help: having upstream crates all available in one format will likely make this go away

error: aborting due to previous error

error: Could not compile `rustc`.

这个问题实在无解，更新了一下系统就过了，而且连前面的4和5都没遇到了。

- 7 -

./x.py install期间会遇到系统目录无权限的问题：

cp: cannot create regular file '/etc/bash_completion.d/cargo': Permission denied
chmod: cannot access '/etc/bash_completion.d/cargo': No such file or directory
install: error: file creation failed. see logs at '/home/yizhi/rust/lib/rustlib/install.log'

虽然可以sudo ./x.py install，但这样会在当前编译的工作目录下产生系统权限的文件（夹），因此我选择手动补救：

$ sudo cp /home/yizhi/rust/build/tmp/dist/cargo-0.35.0-dev-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/cargo/etc/bash_completion.d/cargo /etc/bash_completion.d/cargo
$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/bash_completion.d/cargo

当然这不是治本的办法，它们后面还有没有指令也有待探究。

Rustup安装

Rustup是Rust的官方版本管理工具，是安装Rust的首选，一行命令搞定：

$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

如果网速慢，设置镜像站：

$ export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static
$ export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup

如果想安装指定的版本，使用toolchain子命令：

$ rustup toolchain install stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu stable-2019-05-14 1.34.2

会逐一下载各工具，其中体积比较大的经常会下载失败，又需要手动下载：

https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2019-05-14/rust-docs-1.34.2-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz
https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2019-05-14/rust-std-1.34.2-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz
https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2019-05-14/rustc-1.34.2-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz
https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2020-03-12/rust-std-1.42.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz
https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2020-03-12/rustc-1.42.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz

然后放到~/.rustup/downloads/下，重命名成对应的SHA256值（用sha256sum命令查看）。