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解析HTML文件 - 运用SgmlReader类来解析HTML文件

商同
2023-12-01

运用.NET Framework类来解析HTML文件、读取数据并不是最容易的。虽然你可以用.NET Framework中的许多类(如StreamReader)来逐行解析文件,但XmlReader提供的API并不是“取出即可用(out of the box)”的,因为HTML的格式不规范。你可以用正则表达式(regular expression),但如果你对这些表达式运用不熟练,你可能开始时会觉得它们有些难。

Microsoft的XML大师Chris Lovett最近在http://www.gotdotnet.com网站上发布了一个新的SGML解析器,叫做SgmlReader,它可以解析HTML文件,甚至将它们转换成一个格式规范的结构。SgmlReader派生于XmlReader,这就是说,你可以像运用诸如XmlTextReader这样的类来解析XML文件那样来解析HTML文件。在本文中,我将介绍如何用SgmlReader类来解析HTML文件并生成格式规范的HTML,从而使你可以用XPath语句来读取数据。

创建一个SgmlReader实例来解析HTML
在开始运用SgmlReader前,从gotdotnet.com下载它,并将assembly放到你的应用程序bin folder中。在可以运用assembly集后,编写代码来读取你想解析的HTML。在本文的例子中,我们用了HttpWebRequest和HttpWebResponse对象来访问一个远程的HTML文件: HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();StreamReader sReader = new StreamReader(res.GetResponseStream());

在得到远程的HTML文件后,你就可以创建一个SgmlReader类的实例了。通过将其DocType属性设置为“HTML”,让用户知道你正在处理HTML文件: SgmlReader reader = new SgmlReader();reader.DocType = "HTML";

HTML文件的响应流可以被加载到SgmlReader实例,通过其InputStream属性进行解析。首先将HTML文件流加载到一个TextReader对象,然后将TextReader赋值给InputStream属性: reader.InputStream = new StringReader(sReader.ReadToEnd());

现在,你就可以通过调用SgmlReader的Read()方法来解析HTML文件了: sw = new StringWriter();writer = new XmlTextWriter(sw);writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;while (reader.Read()) { if (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Whitespace) writer.WriteNode(reader, true); }}

因为SgmlReader创建了格式规范的HTML,所以你可以用XPath语句来读取不同的节点。下面的代码说明了如何将SgmlReader生成的输出结果加载到一个XPathNavigator,然后如何用一个XPath语句来查询HTML文件结构: StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(new StringReader(sw.ToString()));XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();XPathNodeIterator nodes = nav.Select(xpath);while (nodes.MoveNext()) { sb.Append(nodes.Current.Value);}return sb.ToString();

点击此处来查看SgmlReader类的一个实例演示

如果你对XPath语言已经很熟悉,并了解.NET Framework中不同的XML解析API了,那么你就可以很容易地用SgmlReader类来解析HTML并读取数据了。

部分代码C#

            private string GetWellFormedHTML(string uri,string xpath) ...{            StreamReader sReader = null;            StringWriter sw = null;            SgmlReader reader = null;            XmlTextWriter writer = null;            try ...{                if (uri == String.Empty) uri = "http://www.XMLforASP.NET";                HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);                HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();                sReader = new StreamReader(res.GetResponseStream());                reader = new SgmlReader();                reader.DocType = "HTML";                reader.InputStream = new StringReader(sReader.ReadToEnd());                sw = new StringWriter();                writer = new XmlTextWriter(sw);                writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;                //writer.WriteStartElement("Test");                while (reader.Read()) ...{                    if (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Whitespace) ...{                        writer.WriteNode(reader, true);                    }                }                 //writer.WriteEndElement();                if (xpath == null) ...{                    return sw.ToString();                   } else ...{ //Filter out nodes from HTML                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();                    XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(new StringReader(sw.ToString()));                    XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();                    XPathNodeIterator nodes = nav.Select(xpath);                    while (nodes.MoveNext()) ...{                        sb.Append(nodes.Current.Value + " ");                    }                    return sb.ToString();                }            } catch (Exception exp) ...{                writer.Close();                 reader.Close();                sw.Close();                sReader.Close();                return exp.Message;            }        }

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