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k3s 快速入门 - 集群搭建

齐奕
2023-12-01

K3s快速搭建入门

1、什么是 K3s?#

K3s 是一个轻量级的 Kubernetes 发行版，它针对边缘计算、物联网等场景进行了高度优化。K3s 有以下增强功能：

  • 打包为单个二进制文件。
  • 使用基于 sqlite3 的轻量级存储后端作为默认存储机制。同时支持使用 etcd3、MySQL 和 PostgreSQL 作为存储机制。
  • 封装在简单的启动程序中，通过该启动程序处理很多复杂的 TLS 和选项。
  • 默认情况下是安全的，对轻量级环境有合理的默认值。
  • 添加了简单但功能强大的

2、环境准备

这次主要是搭建多节点环境，所以准备的两台服务器进行搭建，服务器是在同一个网段内。环境相关配置如下：
主节点操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
内存：8G，cpu：4core

从节点操作系统：Ubuntu-20.04
内存：8G，cpu：8core

3、执行脚本搭建

在官网文档中，k3s提供了一个安装脚本，可以方便在systemd 或 openrc 的系统上将其作为服务安装。相关脚步如下：

curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -

执行脚本之后会在文件夹/usr/local/bin生成以下文件：crictl 、ctr、k3s、k3s-killall.sh、k3s-uninstall.sh、kubectl
同时会启动k3s服务。

[root@localhost bin]# curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -
[INFO]  Finding release for channel stable
[INFO]  Using v1.24.3+k3s1 as release
[INFO]  Downloading hash rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/v1.24.3-k3s1/sha256sum-amd64.txt
[INFO]  Downloading binary rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/v1.24.3-k3s1/k3s
[INFO]  Verifying binary download
[INFO]  Installing k3s to /usr/local/bin/k3s
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
Package yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
rancher-k3s-common-stable                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package k3s-selinux.noarch 0:1.2-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                               Arch                             Version                             Repository                                           Size
======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 k3s-selinux                           noarch                           1.2-2.el7                           rancher-k3s-common-stable                            16 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 16 k
Installed size: 94 k
Downloading packages:
k3s-selinux-1.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                               |  16 kB  00:00:06
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : k3s-selinux-1.2-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                       1/1
  Verifying  : k3s-selinux-1.2-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                       1/1

Installed:
  k3s-selinux.noarch 0:1.2-2.el7

Complete!
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh
[INFO]  Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh
[INFO]  env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.env
[INFO]  systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service
[INFO]  systemd: Enabling k3s unit
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/k3s.service to /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.
[INFO]  systemd: Starting k3s
[root@localhost bin]#

当执行到“[INFO] systemd: Starting k3s”的会启动k3s，在这需要等待一段时间，启动成功之后，会返回命令行操作。

# 执行k3s-uninstall.sh对k3s进行卸载
[root@localhost bin]# ./k3s-uninstall.sh

4、测试k3s是否安装成功

执行“k3s kubectl get pods -A” 查看k3s安装之后容器内存在的pod。

[root@localhost bin]# k3s kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-rxqbm                0/1     ContainerCreating   0          2m35s
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-crd-wtlpt            0/1     ContainerCreating   0          2m35s
kube-system   local-path-provisioner-7b7dc8d6f5-vn4sh   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          2m34s
kube-system   coredns-b96499967-hvc6b                   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          2m34s
kube-system   metrics-server-668d979685-m96v2           0/1     ContainerCreating   0          2m34s

查看pod的状态为“ContainerCreating”正在创建中，等待片刻。大概过了5分钟左右，pod的状态还是没有改变。这个时候需要查看一下pod详情及日志查看一下是否pod出现了问题。可以看我在“minikube 快速使用入门 - 命令篇 - 4”中的命令：

# 查看 pod 详情
kubectl describe pod {{PodName}}
# 查看 log
kubectl logs {{PodName}}

首先查看一下pod详情：

[root@localhost bin]# kubectl describe pod helm-install-traefik-rxqbm -n kube-system
Name:           helm-install-traefik-rxqbm
Namespace:      kube-system
Priority:       0
Node:           localhost.localdomain/192.168.2.42
Start Time:     Tue, 16 Aug 2022 19:00:17 -0700
Labels:         controller-uid=80acabd9-0e86-44bc-ba9a-179ab934ff5f
                helmcharts.helm.cattle.io/chart=traefik
                job-name=helm-install-traefik
Annotations:    helmcharts.helm.cattle.io/configHash: SHA256=4FB81B006A924ED2BC02CE1CB7DFCFE3E5970FC345CBF525F6CC773F78938C37
Status:         Pending
IP:
IPs:            <none>
Controlled By:  Job/helm-install-traefik
Containers:
  helm:
    Container ID:
    Image:         rancher/klipper-helm:v0.7.3-build20220613
    Image ID:
    Port:          <none>
    Host Port:     <none>
    Args:
      install
      --set-string
      global.systemDefaultRegistry=
    State:          Waiting
      Reason:       ContainerCreating
    Ready:          False
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:
      NAME:              traefik
      VERSION:
      REPO:
      HELM_DRIVER:       secret
      CHART_NAMESPACE:   kube-system
      CHART:             https://%{KUBERNETES_API}%/static/charts/traefik-10.19.300.tgz
      HELM_VERSION:
      TARGET_NAMESPACE:  kube-system
      NO_PROXY:          .svc,.cluster.local,10.42.0.0/16,10.43.0.0/16
      FAILURE_POLICY:    reinstall
    Mounts:
      /chart from content (rw)
      /config from values (rw)
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-5ghgq (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             False
  ContainersReady   False
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  values:
    Type:      ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
    Name:      chart-values-traefik
    Optional:  false
  content:
    Type:      ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
    Name:      chart-content-traefik
    Optional:  false
  kube-api-access-5ghgq:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              kubernetes.io/os=linux
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type     Reason                  Age                   From               Message
  ----     ------                  ----                  ----               -------
  Normal   Scheduled               6m56s                 default-scheduler  Successfully assigned kube-system/helm-install-traefik-rxqbm to localhost.localdomain
  Warning  FailedCreatePodSandBox  80s (x26 over 6m49s)  kubelet            Failed to create pod sandbox: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed to create containerd task: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: error during container init: open /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_unprivileged_port_start: no such file or directory: unknown

在详情的末尾，可以看到如下信息： Warning FailedCreatePodSandBox 80s (x26 over 6m49s) kubelet Failed to create pod sandbox: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed to create containerd task: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: error during container init: open /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_unprivileged_port_start: no such file or directory: unknown。
大概意思是：/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_unprivileged_port_start ，这个文件或者文件夹找不到了。网上找了一下资料说是需要升级linux内核，或者是对kubernetes进行降级操作。我根据网上的提示对kubernetes进行了降级。执行降级之前首先要卸载原来的k3s。我们进入/usr/local/bin下面执行卸载脚步，如下：

# 执行k3s-uninstall.sh对k3s进行卸载
[root@localhost bin]# ./k3s-uninstall.sh

然后执行安装脚本：

curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=v1.24.1+k3s1  sh -

最后显示安装成功。

5、查看pod状态

执行完脚本之后等待几分钟左右查看一下pod状态，如下：

[root@localhost bin]# k3s kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-b96499967-ggjk5                   1/1     Running     0          67s
kube-system   local-path-provisioner-7b7dc8d6f5-fxwgk   1/1     Running     0          67s
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-crd-tql4c            0/1     Completed   0          67s
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-rs5g6                0/1     Completed   1          67s
kube-system   svclb-traefik-2zcq6                       2/2     Running     0          40s
kube-system   metrics-server-668d979685-ff78t           1/1     Running     0          67s
kube-system   traefik-7cd4fcff68-r6kgf                  1/1     Running     0          40s

pod的状态为Running和Completed说明安装成功。总体来说k3s安装要比k8s快很多

6、加入新的节点

主节点环境部署好了，现在开始部署从节点环境，从k3s的文档中描述，加入从节点需要执行脚本：

curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn K3S_URL=https://myserver:6443 K3S_TOKEN=mynodetoken sh -

其中“K3S_URL=https://myserver:6443”，K3S_URL是主节点的接入地址，我的主节点ip地址为：192.168.2.42。
其中“K3S_TOKEN=mynodetoken”，K3S_TOKEN是主节点的token，存在token节点的位置为：/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token

#查看token信息
[root@localhost bin]# cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token
K101092b90aed05ef75579f24a19bbdbdc766209c581c3d84e421915230081f3b87::server:680ea0edcc69f898d976e6b2a4346691

根据上面的参数重写注册节点的脚本：

curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=v1.24.1+k3s1 K3S_URL=https://192.168.2.42:6443 K3S_TOKEN=K101092b90aed05ef75579f24a19bbdbdc766209c581c3d84e421915230081f3b87::server:680ea0edcc69f898d976e6b2a4346691 sh -

重写完之后，执行注册节点的脚本。

root@LAPTOP-7HC3FEQ9:/usr/local/bin# curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn K3S_URL=https://192.168.2.42:6443 K3S_TOKEN=K101092b90aed05ef75579f24a19bbdbdc766209c581c3d84e421915230081f3b87::server:680ea0edcc69f898d976e6b2a4346691 sh -
[INFO]  Finding release for channel stable
[INFO]  Using v1.24.3+k3s1 as release
[INFO]  Downloading hash rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/v1.24.3-k3s1/sha256sum-amd64.txt
[INFO]  Downloading binary rancher-mirror.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k3s/v1.24.3-k3s1/k3s
[INFO]  Verifying binary download
[INFO]  Installing k3s to /usr/local/bin/k3s
[INFO]  Skipping installation of SELinux RPM
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh
[INFO]  Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-agent-uninstall.sh
[INFO]  env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s-agent.service.env
[INFO]  systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s-agent.service
[INFO]  systemd: Enabling k3s-agent unit
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/k3s-agent.service → /etc/systemd/system/k3s-agent.service.
[INFO]  systemd: Starting k3s-agent
root@LAPTOP-7HC3FEQ9:/usr/local/bin#

执行完成之后，在主节点查看新节点是否注册成功，执行命令k3s kubectl get node -A。

[root@localhost bin]# k3s kubectl get node -A
NAME                    STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
localhost.localdomain   Ready    control-plane,master   5h6m   v1.24.1+k3s1
laptop-7hc3feq9         Ready    <none>                 66s    v1.24.1+k3s1

laptop-7hc3feq9是新注册的节点，说明已经注册成功。
查看一下pod信息：

[root@localhost bin]# kubectl get pods -A -o wide
NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE     IP          NODE                    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kube-system   coredns-b96499967-ggjk5                   1/1     Running     0          5h13m   10.42.0.5   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   local-path-provisioner-7b7dc8d6f5-fxwgk   1/1     Running     0          5h13m   10.42.0.2   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-crd-tql4c            0/1     Completed   0          5h13m   10.42.0.6   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   helm-install-traefik-rs5g6                0/1     Completed   1          5h13m   10.42.0.4   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   svclb-traefik-2zcq6                       2/2     Running     0          5h12m   10.42.0.7   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   metrics-server-668d979685-ff78t           1/1     Running     0          5h13m   10.42.0.3   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   traefik-7cd4fcff68-r6kgf                  1/1     Running     0          5h12m   10.42.0.8   localhost.localdomain   <none>           <none>
kube-system   svclb-traefik-wv6jn                       2/2     Running     2          7m56s   10.42.1.2   laptop-7hc3feq9         <none>           <none>

laptop-7hc3feq9 已经成功安装了svclb-traefik-wv6jn 这个pod。
之后可以按照我写的关于“minikube 快速使用入门 - 部署 - 3”、“minikube 实战篇 - 镜像打包部署 - 1”等相关的文章进行部署，查看一下节点是否正常。

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