Ubuntu 7.10(Gutsy Gibbon)
Setup
A. A very simple Boot Setup
1. Open GRUB configuration file, /boot/grub/menu.lst. Remember take a backup before change.
2. Some kernel arguments in menu.lst
Parameter
| Function
|
splash
| boot with a startup image |
quiet
| keep boot message from displaying |
vga=xxx | setup console frame buffer, detail in section B. vga=normal, keep normal frame buffer vga=ask, ask you which mode to choose when boot. *This argument is not supported by default setup of Ubuntu 7.10.
|
B. Setup Console Frame buffer
1. Ensure the initrd image includes framebuffer support by adding "fbcon" and "vesafb" to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules.
$ echo "vesafb" | sudo tee -a /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
$ echo "fbcon" | sudo tee -a /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
2. Remove (or comment out) "vesafb" from blacklisted modules in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-framebuffer.
#blacklist vesafb
3. Add the desired framebuffer variable to the default kernel options section in /boot/grub/menu.lst. For 1024x768, the string should look like the following.
# defoptions=quiet splash vga=791
Colour depth | 640x480 | 800x600 | 1024x768 | 1280x1024 | 1400x1050 | 1600x1200 |
8 (256) | 769 | 771 | 773 | 775 | | |
15 (32K) | 784 | 787 | 790 | 793 | | |
16 (65K) | 785 | 788 | 791 | 794 | 834 | 884 |
24 (16M) | 786 | 789 | 792 | 795 | | |
4. Update GRUB.
$ sudo update-grub
5. If Usplash is configured for a higher resolution than your framebuffer, it will appear off-centered. So adjust /etc/usplash.conf to use the same resolution.
xres=1024
yres=768
6. Update initramfs to rebuild the initrd image.
$ sudo update-initramfs -u
C. Chinese Font Support
1. Install Chinese Language Pack.
$ sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh language-support-zh language-pack-gnome-zh
2. Install Windows fonts, e.g. Simsun, Tahoma, Verdana, Courier New...
$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/winfont
$ sudo cp (Windows Fonts) /usr/share/fonts/winfont
$ cd /usr/share/fonts/winfont
$ sudo mkfontscale
$ sudo mkfontdir
$ sudo fc-cache
3. Install Chinese X11 font support (needs test whether this is required after last step)
$ apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese xfonts-intl-chinese-big
4. Setup preferred fonts by editing /etc/fonts/language-selector.conf
Here is a part of my own setup, the fonts before SimSun is used for other languages.
<alias>
<family>serif</family>
<prefer>
<family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>
<family>DejaVu Serif</family>
<family>SimSun</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>sans-serif</family>
<prefer>
<family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>
<family>DejaVu Sans</family>
<family>SimSun</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>monospace</family>
<prefer>
<family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>
<family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family>
<family>SimSun</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
5. Setup fonts for GNOME, open menu Menu System -> Preference -> Appearence -> Fonts.
Application/Document/Desktop font: Tahoma(10)
Window Title font: Tahoma Bold(10)
Fixed Width font: Courier New(10)
Rendering: Monochrome
6. Restart X(Ctrl + Alt + Backspace) to make all setup take effect.
D. Install a Compact theme for GNOME
The GNOME theme always takes too much space for any single control. Not as compact as Windows, especially on small screens.
It is obviously take up too much space and leave working area too small.
After hunting around, I found a very compact GNOME theme.
Thanks Martin Ankerl's great work!
E. Install & Setup Firewall - GuardDog
1. Install GuardDog
$ sudo apt-get install guarddog
2. Open GuardDog, it may report missing file when open it for the first time, leave it.
$ gksudo guarddog
3. GuardDog default has no rule, you must know exactly which rules you need, here is some guide.
Open tab Protocol, select Internet Zone, generally we need protocols like: DNS, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP for internet connection; POP3, SMTP for mail client; NTP to
synchronize time; SSH for secure remote control; Jabber, MSN for IM; etc.
Open tab Advanced, check 'Enable DHCP on Interfaces'.
4. Add New Protocol for QQ(the most widely used IM client in China)
Open tab Advanced, press new protocol to create a new one, Name: QQ, Type: UDP, Ports: 4000-8000.
Open tab Protocol, enable QQ protocol.
5. Press apply to take effect
F. Install IME - SCIM
1. To install the languages you plan to use along with their input method engines go to:
System -> Administration -> Language Support
and select the languages you need.
2. If you want scim to work with programs that use Qt you need to install scim-qtimm:
$ sudo apt-get install scim-qtimm
$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/scim
Find:
GTK_IM_MODULE=”scim”
QT_IM_MODULE=”scim”
Replace with:
GTK_IM_MODULE=”xim”
QT_IM_MODULE=”xim”
3. Set scim as default input method
4. To enable the new configuration by press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'.
G. Play Real media
1. Download and install.
$ wget http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/r/realplay/realplayer_10.0.9-0.1_i386.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i realplayer_10.0.9-0.1_i386.deb
$ sudo dpkg -r realplayer
2. If RealPlayer freezes or playback is jerky, you should install
alsa-oss and setup RealPlayer
$ sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
If failed to install alsa-oss, reboot as recovery mode and install(run dhclient to get an ip)
$ sudo gedit /usr/bin/realplay or $ sudo gedit /usr/bin/realplayer or $ sudo gedit /opt/RealPlayer
Find lines:
if [ -n "$LD_PRELOAD" ]; then
echo "Warning: LD_PRELOAD=/"$LD_PRELOAD/""
fi
and add these after them:
LD_PRELOAD="$LDPRELOAD:/usr/lib/libaoss.so"
export LD_PRELOAD
H. Using the Desktop / LiveCD and Overwriting the Windows bootloader
Using the Desktop/LiveCD and Overwriting the Windows bootloader
Boot from a Live CD and open a terminal. You'll need to run a few commands as root so you can use sudo -i to get a root shell and run them normally instead of using sudo on each of them. Be extra careful when running a root shell, especially for typos !
We'll need to find which partition your Ubuntu system is installed on. Type the command fdisk -l. It will output a list of all your partitions, for example :
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 9 1224 9767520 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 * 1225 2440 9767520 a5 FreeBSD
/dev/hda4 2441 14593 97618972+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 14532 14593 498015 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda6 2441 14530 97112862 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Here I have three Linux partitions. /dev/hda2 is my root partition, /dev/hda1 is my /boot partition and /dev/hda6 is my /home partitoins. If you only have one, obviously this is the one your Ubuntu system is installed on. If you have more than one and you don't know which one your Ubuntu is installed on, we'll look for it later. First, create a mountpoint for your partition, for example :
$ mkdir /mnt/root
Then mount your partition in it. If you don't know which one it is, then mount any of them, we'll se if it's the correct one.
$ mount -t ext3 /dev/hda2 /mnt/root
Of course, replace /dev/hda2 with the correct name of your partition. You can check if it's the correct one by running ls /mnt/root, which should output something like this :
bin dev home lib mnt root srv usr
boot etc initrd lib64 opt sbin sys var
cdrom initrd.img media proc selinux tmp vmlinuz
If what you have looks not at all like this, you didn't mount the correct partition. Do umount /mnt/root to unmount it and try another one. You also need to mount your /boot partition if you made one, like this :
$ mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/root/boot
To make sure it was the correct one, run ls /mnt/root/boot, which sould output something like this :
config-2.6.18-3-686 initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686.bak System.map-2.6.18-3-686
grub lost+found vmlinuz-2.6.18-3-686
initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686 memtest86+.bin
Once again, if what you have doesn't fit, unmount it and try another partition.
Now that everything is mounted, we just need to reinstall GRUB :
$ grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/root /dev/hda
If you got BIOS warnings try:
$ grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/root /dev/hda --recheck
Of course, replace /dev/hda with the location you want to install GRUB on. If all went well, you should see something like this :
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(hd0) /dev/hda
Now you can reboot and the GRUB menu should appear. If you see a warning message regarding XFS filesystem, you can ignore it.