原文链接：https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8445#section-4

4、Terminology【术语】

The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “NOT RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
本文档中的关键字“必须”、“不得”、“必须”、“不得”、“应当”、“不应当”、“不应当”、“推荐”、“不推荐”、“可以”和“可选”应按照BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174]中所述的解释，当且仅当它们以大写字母出现时，如下所示。

Readers need to be familiar with the terminology defined in [RFC5389] and NAT Behavioral requirements for UDP [RFC4787].
读者需要熟悉[RFC5389]定义的术语和UDP[RFC4787]的NAT行为要求。

This specification makes use of the following additional terminology:
本规范使用了以下附加术语:

ICE Session:

An ICE session consists of all ICE-related actions starting with the candidate gathering, followed by the interactions (candidate exchange, connectivity checks, nominations, and keepalives) between the ICE agents until all the candidates are released or an ICE restart is triggered.
ICE会话由所有与ICE相关的动作组成，从候选人集合开始，然后是ICE代理之间的交互(候选人交换、连接检查、提名和保活)，直到所有候选人被释放或重新启动ICE。

ICE Agent, Agent:

An ICE agent (sometimes simply referred to as an “agent”) is the protocol implementation involved in the ICE candidate exchange. There are two agents involved in a typical candidate exchange.
ICE 代理(有时简单地称为“Agent”)是ICE候选交换中涉及的协议实现。一个典型的候选交换中涉及两个代理。

Initiating Peer, Initiating Agent, Initiator:

An initiating agent is an ICE agent that initiates the ICE candidate exchange process.
初始化代理是启动ICE候选交换过程的ICE代理。

Responding Peer, Responding Agent, Responder:

A responding agent is an ICE agent that receives and responds to the candidate exchange process initiated by the initiating agent.
响应代理是一个ICE代理，它接收并响应由发起代理发起的候选交换过程。

ICE Candidate Exchange, Candidate Exchange:

The process where ICE agents exchange information (e.g., candidates and passwords) that is needed to perform ICE. Offer/Answer with SDP encoding [RFC3264] is one example of a protocol that can be used for exchanging the candidate information.
ICE代理交换执行ICE所需的信息(如候选者和密码)的过程。使用SDP编码的Offer/Answer [RFC3264]是协议的一个例子，可以用来交换候选信息。

Peer:

From the perspective of one of the ICE agents in a session, its peer is the other agent. Specifically, from the perspective of the initiating agent, the peer is the responding agent. Fro the perspective of the responding agent, the peer is the initiating agent.
从会话中的一个ICE代理的角度来看，它的peer 就是另一个代理。具体来说，从发起主体的角度来看，peer 是响应agent。从响应agent的角度来看，对方是发起agent。

Transport Address:

The combination of an IP address and the transport protocol (such as UDP or TCP) port. I
P地址和传输协议(如UDP或TCP)端口的组合。

Data, Data Stream, Data Session:

When ICE is used to set up data sessions, the data is transported using some protocol. Media is usually transported over RTP, composed of a stream of RTP packets. Data session refers to data packets that are exchanged between the peer on the path created and tested with ICE.
当使用ICE建立数据会话时，数据使用某种协议进行传输。媒体通常通过RTP传输，由RTP包流组成。数据会话是指对等体之间在通过ICE创建和测试的路径上交换的数据包。

Candidate, Candidate Information:

A transport address that is a potential point of contact for receipt of data. Candidates also have properties – their type (server reflexive, relayed, or host), priority, foundation, and base.
传输地址，它是接收数据的潜在接触点。候选对象还具有属性——它们的类型(服务器自反射、中继或主机)、优先级、基础和基础。

Component:

A component is a piece of a data stream. A data stream may require multiple components, each of which has to work in order for the data stream as a whole to work. For RTP/RTCP data streams, unless RTP and RTCP are multiplexed in the same port, there are two components per data stream – one for RTP, and one for RTCP. A component has a candidate pair, which cannot be used by other components.
组件是数据流的一部分。一个数据流可能需要多个组件，为了使数据流作为一个整体工作，每个组件都必须工作。对于RTP/RTCP数据流，除非RTP和RTCP在同一个端口多路复用，否则每个数据流有两个组件——一个用于RTP，一个用于RTCP。组件有一个候选对，其他组件不能使用该候选对。

Host Candidate:

A candidate obtained by binding to a specific port from an IP address on the host. This includes IP addresses on physical interfaces and logical ones, such as ones obtained through VPNs.
通过将主机上的IP地址绑定到特定端口获得的候选项。包括物理接口上的IP地址和逻辑接口上的IP地址(如通过vpn获取的IP地址)。

Server-Reflexive Candidate:

A candidate whose IP address and port are a binding allocated by a NAT for an ICE agent after it sends a packet through the NAT to a server, such as a STUN server.
ICE代理通过NAT将数据包发送到服务器（例如STUN服务器）后，IP地址和端口由NAT分配绑定的候选者。

Peer-Reflexive Candidate:

A candidate whose IP address and port are a binding allocated by a NAT for an ICE agent after it sends a packet through the NAT to its peer.
通过NAT向peer发送报文后，由NAT分配给ICE代理的IP地址和端口绑定的候选者。

Relayed Candidate:

A candidate obtained from a relay server, such as a TURN server.
从中继服务器(如TURN 服务器)获取的候选人。

Base:

The transport address that an ICE agent sends from for a particular candidate. For host, server-reflexive, and peer- reflexive candidates, the base is the same as the host candidate. For relayed candidates, the base is the same as the relayed candidate (i.e., the transport address used by the TURN server to send from).
ICE代理为特定候选人发送的传输地址。对于host、server-reflexive和peer- reflexive candidate，base与host候选项相同。对于被relayed candidate，base与被relayed candidate相同(即，由TURN服务器用来发送的传输地址)。

Related Address and Port:

A transport address related to a candidate, which is useful for diagnostics and other purposes. If a candidate is server or peer reflexive, the related address and port is equal to the base for that server or peer-reflexive candidate. If the candidate is relayed, the related address and port are equal to the mapped address in the Allocate response that provided the client with that relayed candidate. If the candidate is a host candidate, the related address and port is identical to the host candidate.
与候选者相关的传输地址，用于诊断和其他目的。如果一个候选者地址是Server-Reflexive或peer-Reflexive，相关的地址和端口等于该Server-Reflexive或peer-Reflexive候选地址的Base。如果候选者是中继的，那么相关的地址和端口等于分配响应中的映射地址，该响应向客户端提供了被中继的候选者。如果candidate 是 host candidate，则对应的地址和端口与host candidate相同。

Foundation:

An arbitrary string used in the freezing algorithm to group similar candidates. It is the same for two candidates that have the same type, base IP address, protocol (UDP, TCP, etc.), and STUN or TURN server. If any of these are different, then the foundation will be different.
冻结算法中用于分组相似候选对象的任意字符串。对于两个具有相同类型、base IP地址、协议(UDP、TCP等)和STUN或TURN服务器的candidate来说是相同的。如果这些都不一样，那么Foundation也会不一样。

Local Candidate:

A candidate that an ICE agent has obtained and may send to its peer.
ICE代理已经获得的candidate ，可以发送给它的peer。

Remote Candidate:

A candidate that an ICE agent received from its peer.
ICE代理从peer端接收到的候选者。

Default Destination/Candidate:

The default destination for a component of a data stream is the transport address that would be used by an ICE agent that is not ICE aware. A default candidate for a component is one whose transport address matches the default destination for that component.
数据流组件的默认目标（Destination）是不支持ICE的ICE代理使用的传输地址。组件的默认Candidate是其传输地址与该组件的默认Destination匹配的组件。

Candidate Pair:

A pair containing a local candidate and a remote candidate.
一对本地candidate 和远端candidate。

Check, Connectivity Check, STUN Check:

A STUN Binding request for the purpose of verifying connectivity. A check is sent from the base of the local candidate to the remote candidate of a candidate pair.
一个STUN绑定请求，用于验证连接。check 从本地候选者的base 向候选者对的远程候选者发送。

Checklist:

An ordered set of candidate pairs that an ICE agent will use to generate checks.
一个有序的候选对集合，ICE代理将使用它来生成check。

Ordinary Check:

A connectivity check generated by an ICE agent as a consequence of a timer that fires periodically, instructing it to send a check.
由ICE代理生成的连接检查，作为定时触发计时器的结果，指示它发送check。

Triggered Check:

A connectivity check generated as a consequence of the receipt of a connectivity check from the peer.
触发check，从peer收到连接检查后产生的连接Check。

Valid Pair:

A candidate pair whose local candidate equals the mapped address of a successful connectivity-check response and whose remote candidate equals the destination address to which the connectivity-check request was sent.
有效的候选对:本地候选对等于连接检查响应成功的映射地址，远程候选对等于连接检查请求发送到的目的地址。

Valid List:

An ordered set of candidate pairs for a data stream that have been validated by a successful STUN transaction.
有效列表:数据流的候选对的有序集合，该数据流已被成功的STUN事务验证。

Checklist Set:

The ordered list of all checklists. The order is determined by each ICE usage.
所有检查表的有序列表。顺序由每次ICE 的使用决定。

Full Implementation:

An ICE implementation that performs the complete set of functionality defined by this specification.
完整实现:执行本规范定义的完整功能集的ICE实现。

Lite Implementation:

An ICE implementation that omits certain functions, implementing only as much as is necessary for a peer that is not a lite implementation to gain the benefits of ICE. Lite implementations do not maintain any of the state machines and do not generate connectivity checks.
精简版实现:省略了某些功能的ICE实现，peer方仅在必要时实现获取ICE效益的非精简版实现。Lite implementations 不维护任何状态机，也不生成连接性检查。

Controlling Agent:

The ICE agent that nominates a candidate pair. In any session, there is always one controlling agent and one controlled agent.
控制代理:指定候选对的ICE代理。在任何会话中，总是存在一个控制代理和一个被控制代理。

Controlled Agent:

The ICE agent that waits for the controlling agent to nominate a candidate pair.
受控代理:等待控制代理指定候选对的ICE代理。

Nomination:

The process of the controlling agent indicating to the controlled agent which candidate pair the ICE agents will use for sending and receiving data. The nomination process defined in this specification was referred to as “regular nomination” in RFC5245. The nomination process that was referred to as “aggressive nomination” in RFC 5245 has been deprecated in this specification.
控制代理向被控制代理指示ICE代理将使用哪个候选对发送和接收数据的过程。本规范中定义的提名过程在RFC5245中称为“常规提名”。在RFC 5245中被称为“主动指定”的指定过程在本规范中已被弃用。

Nominated, Nominated Flag:

Once the nomination of a candidate pair has succeeded, the candidate pair has become nominated, and the value of its nominated flag is set to true.
一旦候选对指定成功，候选对就是被指定（Nominated）状态，并且其Nominated Flag的值被设置为true。

Selected Pair, Selected Candidate Pair:

The candidate pair used for sending and receiving data for a component of a data stream is referred to as the “selected pair”. Before selected pairs have been produced for a data stream, any valid pair associated with a component of a data stream can be used for sending and receiving data for the component. Once there are nominated pairs for each component of a data stream, the nominated pairs become the selected pairs for the data stream. The candidates associated with the selected pairs are referred to as “selected candidates”.
用于发送和接收数据流组件数据的候选对称为“已选对”。在为数据流生成选定的数据对之前，任何与数据流组件相关联的有效数据对都可以用于发送和接收组件的数据。一旦数据流的每个组件都有了指定的对，指定的对就成为数据流的选择对。与所选对相关联的候选者称为“已选候选者”。

Using Protocol, ICE Usage:

The protocol that uses ICE for NAT traversal. A usage specification defines the protocol-specific details on how the procedures defined here are applied to that protocol.
使用ICE进行NAT穿越的协议。使用规范定义了协议特定的详细信息，有关如何将此处定义的过程应用于该协议。

Timer Ta:

The timer for generating new STUN or TURN transactions.
产生新的STUN 或 TURN事务的计时器。

Timer RTO (Retransmission Timeout):

The retransmission timer for a given STUN or TURN transaction.
一个给定的STUN或TURN事务的重传计时器。