Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.1 (Maipo) 安装gcc 的几种方式

linux中没有默认安装的gcc，折腾了一番，终于搞好，记录备忘。

[root@localhost local]# gcc
bash: gcc: command not found...

查看系统版本：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 ([e-mail]) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-7) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Jan 29 18:37:38 EST 2015

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.1 (Maipo)	

red hat中yum需要付费

[root@localhost local]# yum install gcc
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

主要有两种方式解决此问题：

一、通过yum安装，第一种通过替换成CentOS的yum，然后直接 yum install gcc 安装；

                               第二种通过本地镜像文件来装，用iso做一个yum库（无法联网时的办法）。

二、直接安装gcc，第一种通过rpm安装（依赖包挺多的，很繁琐）；第二种通过gcc压缩包安装。

此处只叙述了本人成功的一种方式，其他方式可以搜一下，有很多文章进行了叙述。

1、安装yum，替换成CentOS中的yum，通过yum install gcc安装，通过此方式要确定服务器能上网

a. 备份原 yum

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo.backup

b. 删除red hat yum源

rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps 

c. 下载新的yum包，因为是red hat 7 安装CentOS 7 版本的yum源，版本一定要对应，可避免不少麻烦
    去http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/下载如下文件
    下载：yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
               yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
               yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
               python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
  或者命令下载直接：

wget  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm

d. 安装新的yum包

rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm

   安装后可通过命令查看：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum 
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64

   如果报错缺少包，可以将包名复制到http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/ 下去找对应的包，并下载安装。

   如：可能会缺少python-urlgrabber这个包，就先下载安装这个包。

e. 将CentOS的yum源更新到red hat中
下载地址：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
将repo文件移动到 /etc/yum.repos.d/下，并编辑 （把版本号换成7就行）

[root@localhost ~]# mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost ~]# vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo 

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#


[base]
name=CentOS-7-Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever6&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates


[update]
name=CentOS-7-Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released


[extras]
name=CentOS-7-Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages


[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7-Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users


[contrib]
name=CentOS-7-Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

如果后面有报找不到key的问题，可以下载对应的key，然后将gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

指定成本地文件gpgkey=file:///usr/local/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

f. 清理yum缓存 

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache

g. 就可以安装测试啦！

yum install gcc