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手把手让你实现postfix+extmail+mysql虚拟用户邮件体系

姚兴安
2023-12-01
笔者所使用的环境为rhel5.6准备工作:开发环境为默认装出来后安装以下4个组1、yum安装以下开发所用到的rpm包组:
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Legacy Software Development
X Software Development

2、关闭sendmail,并将它的随系统自动启动功能关闭:

# service sendmail stop # chkconfig sendmail off
3、安装所需的rpm包,这包括以下这些: httpd, php, php-mysql, mysql, mysql-server, mysql-devel, openssl-devel, dovecot, perl-DBD-MySQL, tcl, tcl-devel, libart_lgpl, libart_lgpl-devel, libtool-ltdl, libtool-ltdl-devel, expect
 
有同学会问到,怎么不直接yum把postfix装上,rhel5.6红帽整合的postfix的rpm包默认不支持mysql的认证功能的,要想实现则需要重新编译安装。
 
4、启动mysql数据库,并给mysql的root用户设置密码:
# service mysqld start
# chkconfig mysqld on
# mysqladmin -uroot password 'your_password'
5、启动saslauthd服务,并将其加入到自动启动队列:
# service saslauthd start
# chkconfig saslauthd on

二、安装配置postfix

 
# groupadd -g 2525 postfix
# useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
# groupadd -g 2526 postdrop
# useradd -g postdrop -u 2526 -s /bin/false -M postdrop
# tar zxvf postfix-2.6.5.tar.gz
# cd postfix-2.6.5
# make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DUSE_TLS ' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/lib/sasl2 -lsasl2 -lssl -lcrypto'
# make
# make install
按照以下的提示输入相关的路径([]号中的是缺省值,”]”后的是输入值,省略的表示采用默认值)
  install_root: [/] /
  tempdir: [/usr/local/src/ postfix-2.6.5] /tmp
  config_directory: [/etc/postfix] /etc/postfix
  daemon_directory: [/usr/libexec/postfix]
  command_directory: [/usr/sbin]
  queue_directory: [/var/spool/postfix]
  sendmail_path: [/usr/sbin/sendmail]
  newaliases_path: [/usr/bin/newaliases]
  mailq_path: [/usr/bin/mailq]
  mail_owner: [postfix]
  setgid_group: [postdrop]
html_directory: [no] /var/www/postfix_html
manpages: [/usr/local/man]
readme_directory: [no]
生成别名二进制文件,这个步骤如果忽略,会造成postfix效率极低:
# newaliases
2.进行一些基本配置,测试启动postfix并进行发信
#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
修改以下几项为您需要的配置
myhostname = mail.test.com
myorigin = test.com
mydomain = test.com
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8
说明: myorigin参数用来指明发件人所在的域名; mydestination参数指定postfix接收邮件时收件人的域名,即您的postfix系统要接收到哪个域名的邮件; myhostname 参数指定运行postfix邮件系统的主机的主机名,默认情况下,其值被设定为本地机器名; mydomain参数指定您的域名,默认情况下,postfix将myhostname的第一部分删除而作为mydomain的值; mynetworks 参数指定你所在的网络的网络地址,postfix系统根据其值来区别用户是远程的还是本地的,如果是本地网络用户则允许其访问; inet_interfaces 参数指定postfix系统监听的网络接口;   
 
  注意: 1、在postfix的配置文件中,参数行和注释行是不能处在同一行中的; 2、任何一个参数的值都不需要加引号,否则,引号将会被当作参数值的一部分来使用; 3、每修改参数及其值后执行 postfix reload 即可令其生效;但若修改了inet_interfaces,则需重新启动postfix; 4、如果一个参数的值有多个,可以将它们放在不同的行中,只需要在其后的每个行前多置一个空格即可;postfix会把第一个字符为空格或tab的文本行视为上一行的延续;     
 启动postfix
/usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix  start
连接postfix,验正服务启动状况:
# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.test.com ESMTP Postfix
ehlo mail.test.com
250-mail.test.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from:root@test.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:redhat@test.com
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
subject:Mail test!
Mail test!!!
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as AB94A1A561
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
切换到redhat用户进行收信:
# su - redhat
$ mail
Mail version 8.1 6/6/93.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/redhat": 1 message 1 new
>N  1 root@test.com        Wed Sep  5 10:59  15/488   "Mail test!"
&
三、为postfix开启基于cyrus-sasl的认证功能
使用以下命令验正postfix是否支持cyrus风格的sasl认证,如果您的输出为以下结果,则是支持的: # /usr/local/postfix/sbin/postconf -a cyrus dovecot
#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
添加以下内容:
############################CYRUS-SASL############################
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
smtpd_banner = Welcome to our $myhostname ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
#vi /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
添加如下内容:
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
让postfix重新加载配置文件
#/usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix reload
# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 Welcome to our mail.test.com ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
ehlo mail.test.com
250-mail.test.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN 250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN (请确保您的输出以类似两行)
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
四、安装Courier authentication library
# tar jxvf courier-authlib-0.62.4.tar.bz2
# cd courier-authlib-0.62.4
#./configure
    --prefix=/usr/local/courier-authlib
    --sysconfdir=/etc
    --with-authmysql
    --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql
    --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql
    --with-redhat
    --with-authmysqlrc=/etc/authmysqlrc
    --with-authdaemonrc=/etc/authdaemonrc
    --with-ltdl-lib=/usr/lib
    --with-ltdl-include=/usr/include
# make
# make install
# chmod 755 /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon
# cp /etc/authdaemonrc.dist  /etc/authdaemonrc
# cp /etc/authmysqlrc.dist  /etc/authmysqlrc
修改/etc/authdaemonrc 文件
authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
daemons=10
编辑/etc/authmysqlrc 为以下内容,其中2525,2525 为postfix 用户的UID和GID。
MYSQL_SERVER localhost
MYSQL_PORT 3306 (指定你的mysql监听的端口,这里使用默认的3306) 
MYSQL_USERNAME extmail (这时为后文要用的数据库的所有者的用户名) 
MYSQL_PASSWORD extmail (密码)
MYSQL_SOCKET  /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
MYSQL_DATABASE  extmail
MYSQL_USER_TABLE  mailbox
MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD  password
MYSQL_UID_FIELD  '2525'
MYSQL_GID_FIELD  '2525'
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD  username
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD  concat('/var/mailbox/',homedir)
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD  name
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD  concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir)
# cp courier-authlib.sysvinit /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chkconfig --add courier-authlib
# chkconfig --level 2345 courier-authlib on
#echo "/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/courier-authlib.conf
# ldconfig -v
# service courier-authlib start   (启动服务)
新建虚拟用户邮箱所在的目录,并将其权限赋予postfix用户:
#mkdir –pv /var/mailbox
#chown –R postfix /var/mailbox
接下来重新配置SMTP 认证,编辑 /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf ,确保其为以下内容: pwcheck_method: authdaemond log_level: 3 mech_list:PLAIN LOGIN authdaemond_path:/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
五、让postfix支持虚拟域和虚拟用户
1、编辑/etc/postfix/main.cf,添加如下内容:
########################Virtual Mailbox Settings########################
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:2525
virtual_gid_maps = static:2525
virtual_transport = virtual
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
##########################QUOTA Settings########################
message_size_limit = 14336000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please Tidy your mailbox and try again later.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
2、使用extman源码目录下docs目录中的extmail.sql和init.sql建立数据库:
# tar zxvf  extman-1.1.tar.gz
# cd extman-1.1/docs
# mysql -u root -p <extmail.sql
# mysql -u root -p <init.sql
# cp mysql*  /etc/postfix/
3、授予用户extmail访问extmail数据库的权限
 mysql> GRANT all privileges on extmail.* TO extmail@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'extmail'; 
mysql> GRANT all privileges on extmail.* TO extmail@127.0.0.1 IDENTIFIED BY 'extmail';
说明:启用虚拟域以后,需要取消中心域,即注释掉myhostname, mydestination, mydomain, myorigin几个指令;当然,你也可以把mydestionation的值改为你自己需要的。
六、配置dovecot
# vi /etc/dovecot.conf
mail_location = maildir:/var/mailbox/%d/%n/Maildir
……
auth default {
    mechanisms = plain
    passdb sql {
        args = /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf
    }
    userdb sql {
        args = /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf
    }
    ……
# vi /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf                 
driver = mysql
connect = host=localhost dbname=extmail user=extmail password=extmail
default_pass_scheme = CRYPT
password_query = SELECT username AS user,password AS password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'                            
user_query = SELECT maildir, uidnumber AS uid, gidnumber AS gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'
 接下来启动dovecot服务:
# service dovecot start
# chkconfig dovecot on
 七、安装Extmail-1.2
1、安装
# tar zxvf extmail-1.2.tar.gz
# mkdir -pv /var/www/extsuite
# mv extmail-1.2 /var/www/extsuite/extmail
# cp /var/www/extsuite/extmail/webmail.cf.default  /var/www/extsuite/extmail/webmail.cf
2、修改主配置文件
#vi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/webmail.cf
部分修改选项的说明:
SYS_MESSAGE_SIZE_LIMIT = 5242880
用户可以发送的最大邮件
SYS_USER_LANG = en_US
语言选项,可改作:
SYS_USER_LANG = zh_CN
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /home/domains
此处即为您在前文所设置的用户邮件的存放目录,可改作:
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /var/mailbox
SYS_MYSQL_USER = db_user SYS_MYSQL_PASS = db_pass
以上两句句用来设置连接数据库服务器所使用用户名、密码和邮件服务器用到的数据库,这里修改为:
SYS_MYSQL_USER = extmail
SYS_MYSQL_PASS = extmail
SYS_MYSQL_HOST = localhost
指明数据库服务器主机名,这里默认即可
SYS_MYSQL_TABLE = mailbox
SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_USERNAME = username
SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_DOMAIN = domain
SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_PASSWD = password
以上用来指定验正用户登录里所用到的表,以及用户名、域名和用户密码分别对应的表中列的名称;这里默认即可 
 SYS_AUTHLIB_SOCKET = /var/spool/authdaemon/socket 此句用来指明authdaemo socket文件的位置,这里修改为: SYS_AUTHLIB_SOCKET = /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
3、apache相关配置
由于extmail要进行本地邮件的投递操作,故必须将运行apache服务器用户的身份修改为您的邮件投递代理的用户;本例中打开了apache服务器的suexec功能,故使用以下方法来实现虚拟主机运行身份的指定。此例中的MDA为postfix自带,因此将指定为postfix用户:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName mail.test.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/
ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi
Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html
SuexecUserGroup postfix postfix
</VirtualHost>
修改 cgi执行文件属主为apache运行身份用户:
 # chown -R postfix.postfix /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi/
如果您没有打开apache服务器的suexec功能,也可以使用以下方法解决:
# vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
User postfix
Group postfix
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName mail.test.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/
ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi
Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html
</VirtualHost>
4、依赖关系的解决
extmail将会用到perl的Unix::syslogd功能,您可以去http://search.cpan.org搜索下载原码包进行安装。
# tar zxvf Unix-Syslog-0.100.tar.gz
# cd Unix-Syslog-0.100
# perl Makefile.PL
# make
# make install
5、启动apache服务
# service httpd start
# chkconfig httpd on
八、安装Extman-1.1
1、安装及基本配置
# tar zxvf  extman-1.1.tar.gz
# mv extman-1.1 /var/www/extsuite/extman
修改配置文件以符合本例的需要:
# cp /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf.default  /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf
# vi /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /home/domains
此处即为您在前文所设置的用户邮件的存放目录,可改作:
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /var/mailbox
修改cgi目录的属主:
# chown -R postfix.postfix /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi/
在apache的主配置文件中Extmail的虚拟主机部分,添加如下两行:
ScriptAlias /extman/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi
Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html
创建其运行时所需的临时目录,并修改其相应的权限:
#mkdir  -pv  /tmp/extman
#chown postfix.postfix  /tmp/extman
修改
SYS_CAPTCHA_ON = 1
为
SYS_CAPTCHA_ON = 0
好了,到此为止,重新启动apache服务器后,您的Webmail和Extman已经可以使用了,可以在浏览器中输入指定的虚拟主机的名称进行访问,如下:
http://mail.test.com
选择管理即可登入extman进行后台管理了。默认管理帐号为:root@extmail.org  密码为:extmail*123*
这是登陆界面,需要先用管理员账号在管理员登陆页面登陆后添加个域,然后注册登陆
转存失败重新上传取消
 
 
注册2个账号 相互发封邮件试试,可以收到那就祝贺了。。配置成功
转存失败重新上传取消
 
登陆mysql看一下相关的数据库信息,有数据,则表明整个认证机制是基于mysql数据库实现的。
转存失败重新上传取消
 
如果想实现图形日志功能,则继续下面配置
 
说明: (1) 如果您安装后无法正常显示校验码,安装perl-GD模块会解决这个问题。如果想简单,您可以到以下地址下载适合您的平台的rpm包,安装即可: 
 http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/perl-GD/info.html 
(2) extman-1.1自带了图形化显示日志的功能;此功能需要rrdtool的支持,您需要安装此些模块才可能正常显示图形日志。
 2、配置Mailgraph_ext,使用Extman的图形日志:(下面所需的软件包面要自己下载)
接下来安装图形日志的运行所需要的软件包Time::HiRes、File::Tail和rrdtool,其中前两个包您可以去http://search.cpan.org搜索并下载获得,后一个包您可以到 http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/?M=D下载获得; 注意安装顺序不能改换。
安装Time::HiRes
#tar zxvf Time-HiRes-1.9707.tar.gz
#cd Time-HiRes-1.9707
#perl Makefile.PL
#make
#make test
#make install
安装File::Tail
#tar zxvf File-Tail-0.99.3.tar.gz
#cd File-Tail-0.99.3
#perl Makefile
#make
#make test
#make install
安装rrdtool-1.2.23
#tar zxvf rrdtool-1.2.23.tar.gz
#cd rrdtool-1.2.23
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
#make
#make install
创建必要的符号链接(Extman会到这些路径下找相关的库文件)
#ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/RRDs/RRDs.so   /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/
#ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/RRDp.pm   /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5
#ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/RRDs.pm   /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5
复制mailgraph_ext到/usr/local,并启动之
# cp -r /var/www/extsuite/extman/addon/mailgraph_ext  /usr/local  
# /usr/local/mailgraph_ext/mailgraph-init start 
启动cmdserver(在后台显示系统信息) 
# /var/www/extsuite/extman/daemon/cmdserver --daemon
添加到自动启动队列
# echo “/usr/local/mailgraph_ext/mailgraph-init start” >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# echo “/var/www/extsuite/extman/daemon/cmdserver -v -d” >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
使用方法: 等待大约15分钟左右,如果邮件系统有一定的流量,即可登陆到extman里,点“图形日志”即可看到图形化的日志。具体每天,周,月,年的则点击相应的图片进入即可。 
smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,
 permit_sasl_authenticated,
 reject_invalid_hostname,
 reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
 reject_unknown_sender_domain,
 reject_non_fqdn_sender,
 reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
 reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
 reject_unauth_pipelining,
 reject_unauth_destination
 
postconf -e "smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/client_access,
 reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client relays.ordb.org, reject_rbl_client
 opm.blitzed.org, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org,reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org,
 reject_rbl_client dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client dun.dnsrbl.net"
postconf -e "smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access,
 reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_rhsbl_sender relays.ordb.org,
 reject_rhsbl_sender opm.blitzed.org, reject_rhsbl_sender dun.dnsrbl.net"
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
Make sure the e-mail contains this string in the body, and that it’s the only thing there.
This is known as the EICAR test string. All Anti-Virus software should detect this as a virus (but of course, it’s not. It’s used for testing only.) 
 
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