php使用thrift做服务端开发
thrift采用接口描述语言定义和创建服务,用二进制格式传输数据,体积更小、效率更高,对于高并发、数据量大和多语言的环境有更好的支持。
Apache Thrift是啥?
Apache Thrift是FaceBook开发的一套可扩展的、跨语言的服务调用框架。简单的说就是先定义一个配置文件,不同的语言可以利用thrift基于这个配置文件生成各自语言的服务端,不管客户端用什么语言,都可以调用,也就是说基于thrift协议用java可以调用php的服务。目前支持C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, OCaml and Delphi等语言之间相互调用。
相对于传统的xml和json等数据传输方式来说,thrift采用接口描述语言定义和创建服务,用二进制格式传输数据,体积更小、效率更高,对于高并发、数据量大和多语言的环境有更好的支持。
thrift安装环境要求
g++ 4.2
boost 1.53.0
lex and yacc(基于flex和bison)
如果没安装lex和yacc的话要先安装,否则会make失败,提示lex和yacc command not found错误(一般的机器貌似都没安,Ubuntu用apt-get install flex bision即可)。
安装thrift
下载最新版thrift:
wget http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/thrift/0.9.3/thrift-0.9.3.tar.gz
tar xvf thrift-0.9.3.tar.gz
cd thrift-0.9.3
2.创建configure文件
// 创建./configure文件
./bootstrap.sh
// 配置并安装
./configure
make
// 检测是否有问题,如果机子没有安装python和java等可能会报错,不过本文主要讲php,安了php环境就行
make check
make install
编译选项
使用./configure –help可以查看选项
如果想禁用某个语言,可以用./configure –without-java
thrift for php安装环境要求
php版本>5.0,因为TBinaryProtocol协议用到了pack()和unpack()函数来序列化数据
需要安装APC扩展,因为TSocketPool这个类用到了apc_fetch()和apc_store()函数进行apc缓存操作。
php使用thrift的时候,除了要将thrift/lib/php/lib里的基础文件copy到项目目录下,还需要将根据配置文件生成的php文件也copy到packages文件夹下,并引入到项目中,这个后续会详细讲。
类库说明
数据传输格式(protocol)
定义的了传输内容,对Thrift Type的打包解包,包括:
TBinaryProtocol,二进制格式,TBinaryProtocolAccelerated则是依赖于thrift_protocol扩展的快速打包解包。
TCompactProtocol,压缩格式
TJSONProtocol,JSON格式
TMultiplexedProtocol,利用前三种数据格式与支持多路复用协议的服务端(同时提供多个服务,TMultiplexedProcessor)交互
数据传输方式(transport)
定义了如何发送(write)和接收(read)数据,包括:
TBufferedTransport,缓存传输,写入数据并不立即开始传输,直到刷新缓存。
TSocket,使用socket传输
TFramedTransport,采用分块方式进行传输,具体传输实现依赖其他传输方式,比如TSocket
TCurlClient,使用curl与服务端交互
THttpClient,采用stream方式与HTTP服务端交互
TMemoryBuffer,使用内存方式交换数据
TPhpStream,使用PHP标准输入输出流进行传输
TNullTransport,关闭数据传输
TSocketPool在TSocket基础支持多个服务端管理(需要APC支持),自动剔除无效的服务器
开发流程
1、定义IDL(Interface description language)接口描述文件,后缀.thrift
IDL规范:http://thrift.apache.org/docs/idl
thrift types:http://thrift.apache.org/docs/types
2、服务端代码开发
3、客户端编写接入代码
IDL:
1.tutorial.thrift
include "shared.thrift"
namespace php tutorial
typedef i32 MyInteger
const i32 INT32CONSTANT = 9853
const map MAPCONSTANT = {'hello':'world', 'goodnight':'moon'}
enum Operation {
ADD = 1,
SUBTRACT = 2,
MULTIPLY = 3,
DIVIDE = 4
}
struct Work {
1: i32 num1 = 0,
2: i32 num2,
3: Operation op,
4: optional string comment,
}
exception InvalidOperation {
1: i32 whatOp,
2: string why
}
service Calculator extends shared.SharedService {
void ping(),
i32 add(1:i32 num1, 2:i32 num2),
i32 calculate(1:i32 logid, 2:Work w) throws (1:InvalidOperation ouch),
oneway void zip()
}
2.shared.thrift
namespace php shared
struct SharedStruct {
1: i32 key
2: string value
}
service SharedService {
SharedStruct getStruct(1: i32 key)
}
php服务端
namespace tutorial/php;
ini_set('display_errors',1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// 引入类自动加载文件
require_once __DIR__.'/../../lib/php/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php';
// 载入自动加载类
use Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader;
// 定义根据.thrift文件生成的php文件
$GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/..').'/gen-php';
// 注册thrift服务
$loader = new ThriftClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', __DIR__ . '/../../lib/php/lib');
$loader->registerDefinition('shared', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->registerDefinition('tutorial', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->register();
if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') {
ini_set("display_errors", "stderr");
}
use Thrift/Protocol/TBinaryProtocol; // 二进制格式打包解包
use Thrift/Transport/TPhpStream; // php流输入输出
use Thrift/Transport/TBufferedTransport; // 使用缓存
// 开始服务端逻辑
class CalculatorHandler implements /tutorial/CalculatorIf {
protected $log = array();
public function ping() {
error_log("ping()");
}
// 相加
public function add($num1, $num2) {
error_log("add({$num1}, {$num2})");
return $num1 + $num2;
}
// 枚举计算类型
public function calculate($logid, /tutorial/Work $w) {
error_log("calculate({$logid}, {{$w->op}, {$w->num1}, {$w->num2}})");
switch ($w->op) {
case /tutorial/Operation::ADD:
$val = $w->num1 + $w->num2;
break;
case /tutorial/Operation::SUBTRACT:
$val = $w->num1 - $w->num2;
break;
case /tutorial/Operation::MULTIPLY:
$val = $w->num1 * $w->num2;
break;
case /tutorial/Operation::DIVIDE:
if ($w->num2 == 0) {
$io = new /tutorial/InvalidOperation();
$io->whatOp = $w->op;
$io->why = "Cannot divide by 0";
throw $io;
}
$val = $w->num1 / $w->num2;
break;
default:
$io = new /tutorial/InvalidOperation();
$io->whatOp = $w->op;
$io->why = "Invalid Operation";
throw $io;
}
$log = new /shared/SharedStruct();
$log->key = $logid;
$log->value = (string)$val;
$this->log[$logid] = $log;
return $val;
}
public function getStruct($key) {
error_log("getStruct({$key})");
// This actually doesn't work because the PHP interpreter is
// restarted for every request.
//return $this->log[$key];
return new /shared/SharedStruct(array("key" => $key, "value" => "PHP is stateless!"));
}
public function zip() {
error_log("zip()");
}
};
header('Content-Type', 'application/x-thrift');
if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') {
echo "/r/n";
}
$handler = new CalculatorHandler();
$processor = new /tutorial/CalculatorProcessor($handler);
// 客户端和服务端在同一个输入输出流上
//1) cli 方式:php Client.php | php Server.php
//2) cgi 方式:利用Apache或nginx监听http请求,调用php-fpm处理,将请求转换为PHP标准输入输出流
$transport = new TBufferedTransport(new TPhpStream(TPhpStream::MODE_R | TPhpStream::MODE_W));
$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport, true, true);
$transport->open();
$processor->process($protocol, $protocol);
$transport->close();
//作为cli方式运行,非阻塞方式监听,基于libevent实现,非官方实现
//$transportFactory = new TBufferedTransportFactory();
//$protocolFactory = new TBinaryProtocolFactory(true, true);
//$transport = new TNonblockingServerSocket('localhost', 9090);
//$server = new TNonblockingServer($processor, $transport, $transportFactory, $transportFactory, $protocolFactory, $protocolFactory);
//$server->serve();
//作为cli方式运行,监听端口,官方实现
//$transportFactory = new TBufferedTransportFactory();
//$protocolFactory = new TBinaryProtocolFactory(true, true);
//$transport = new TServerSocket('localhost', 9090);
//$server = new TSimpleServer($processor, $transport, $transportFactory, $transportFactory, $protocolFactory, $protocolFactory);
//$server->serve();
php客户端
namespace tutorial/php;
error_reporting(E_ALL);
require_once __DIR__.'/../../lib/php/lib/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php';
use Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader;
$GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/..').'/gen-php';
$loader = new ThriftClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', __DIR__ . '/../../lib/php/lib');
$loader->registerDefinition('shared', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->registerDefinition('tutorial', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->register();
use Thrift/Protocol/TBinaryProtocol;
use Thrift/Transport/TSocket;
use Thrift/Transport/THttpClient;
use Thrift/Transport/TBufferedTransport;
use Thrift/Exception/TException;
// 以上配置跟服务端类似
try {
if (array_search('--http', $argv)) {
// 使用http方式连接
$socket = new THttpClient('localhost', 8080, '/php/PhpServer.php');
} else {
// 使用socket连接
$socket = new TSocket('localhost', 9090);
}
$transport = new TBufferedTransport($socket, 1024, 1024);
$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);
$client = new /tutorial/CalculatorClient($protocol);
$transport->open();
$client->ping();
print "ping()/n";
$sum = $client->add(1,1);
print "1+1=$sum/n";
// 调试异常情况
$work = new /tutorial/Work();
$work->op = /tutorial/Operation::DIVIDE;
$work->num1 = 1;
$work->num2 = 0;
try {
$client->calculate(1, $work);
print "Whoa! We can divide by zero?/n";
} catch (/tutorial/InvalidOperation $io) {
print "InvalidOperation: $io->why/n";
}
$work->op = /tutorial/Operation::SUBTRACT;
$work->num1 = 15;
$work->num2 = 10;
$diff = $client->calculate(1, $work);
print "15-10=$diff/n";
$log = $client->getStruct(1);
print "Log: $log->value/n";
$transport->close();
} catch (TException $tx) {
print 'TException: '.$tx->getMessage()."/n";
}
输出:
// php client.php --http
ping()
1+1=2
InvalidOperation: Cannot divide by 0
15-10=5
Log: PHP is stateless!