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HTML Elements 和 CSS Selectors

郁宾鸿
2023-12-01

Document 查找对象方法

方法描述
document.getElementById(id)返回对拥有指定 id 的第一个对象的引用
document.getElementsByTagName(name)返回带有指定 tag 名称的对象集合
document.getElementsByClassName(name)返回带有指定 class 标签名的对象集合
document.getElementsByName(name)返回带有指定 name 标签名的对象集合
document.evaluate(xpath, document, null, XPathResult.FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE, null).singleNodeValue通过xpath获取对象
document.querySelector(CSS selectors)通过css获取对象,如果多个选择第一个
document.querySelectorAll(CSS selectors)通过css获取对象集合

Changing HTML Elements

PropertyDescription
element.innerHTML = new html contentChange the inner HTML of an element
element.attribute = new valueChange the attribute value of an HTML element
element.style.property = new styleChange the style of an HTML element
MethodDescription
element.setAttribute*(attribute, value)*Change the attribute value of an HTML element

Element 对象的属性和方法

属性 / 方法描述
element.accessKey设置或返回元素的快捷键。
element.appendChild()向元素添加新的子节点,作为最后一个子节点。
element.attributes返回元素属性的 NamedNodeMap。
element.childNodes返回元素子节点的 NodeList。
element.className设置或返回元素的 class 属性。
element.clientHeight返回元素的可见高度。
element.clientWidth返回元素的可见宽度。
element.cloneNode()克隆元素。
element.compareDocumentPosition()比较两个元素的文档位置。
element.contentEditable设置或返回元素的文本方向。
element.dir设置或返回元素的内容是否可编辑。
element.firstChild返回元素的首个子。
element.getAttribute()返回元素节点的指定属性值。
element.getAttributeNode()返回指定的属性节点。
element.getElementsByTagName()返回拥有指定标签名的所有子元素的集合。
element.getFeature()返回实现了指定特性的 API 的某个对象。
element.getUserData()返回关联元素上键的对象。
element.hasAttribute()如果元素拥有指定属性,则返回true,否则返回 false。
element.hasAttributes()如果元素拥有属性,则返回 true,否则返回 false。
element.hasChildNodes()如果元素拥有子节点,则返回 true,否则 false。
element.id设置或返回元素的 id。
element.innerHTML设置或返回元素的内容。
element.insertBefore()在指定的已有的子节点之前插入新节点。
element.isContentEditable设置或返回元素的内容。
element.isDefaultNamespace()如果指定的 namespaceURI 是默认的,则返回 true,否则返回 false。
element.isEqualNode()检查两个元素是否相等。
element.isSameNode()检查两个元素是否是相同的节点。
element.isSupported()如果元素支持指定特性,则返回 true。
element.lang设置或返回元素的语言代码。
element.lastChild返回元素的最后一个子元素。
element.namespaceURI返回元素的 namespace URI。
element.nextSibling返回位于相同节点树层级的下一个节点。
element.nodeName返回元素的名称。
element.nodeType返回元素的节点类型。
element.nodeValue设置或返回元素值。
element.normalize()合并元素中相邻的文本节点,并移除空的文本节点。
element.offsetHeight返回元素的高度。
element.offsetWidth返回元素的宽度。
element.offsetLeft返回元素的水平偏移位置。
element.offsetParent返回元素的偏移容器。
element.offsetTop返回元素的垂直偏移位置。
element.ownerDocument返回元素的根元素(文档对象)。
element.parentNode返回元素的父节点。
element.previousSibling返回位于相同节点树层级的前一个元素。
element.removeAttribute()从元素中移除指定属性。
element.removeAttributeNode()移除指定的属性节点,并返回被移除的节点。
element.removeChild()从元素中移除子节点。
element.replaceChild()替换元素中的子节点。
element.scrollHeight返回元素的整体高度。
element.scrollLeft返回元素左边缘与视图之间的距离。
element.scrollTop返回元素上边缘与视图之间的距离。
element.scrollWidth返回元素的整体宽度。
element.setAttribute()把指定属性设置或更改为指定值。
element.setAttributeNode()设置或更改指定属性节点。
element.setIdAttribute()
element.setIdAttributeNode()
element.setUserData()把对象关联到元素上的键。
element.style设置或返回元素的 style 属性。
element.tabIndex设置或返回元素的 tab 键控制次序。
element.tagName返回元素的标签名。
element.textContent设置或返回节点及其后代的文本内容。
element.title设置或返回元素的 title 属性。
element.toString()把元素转换为字符串。
nodelist.item()返回 NodeList 中位于指定下标的节点。
nodelist.length返回 NodeList 中的节点数。

CSS Selectors

In CSS, selectors are patterns used to select the element(s) you want to style.

Use our CSS Selector Tester to demonstrate the different selectors.

SelectorExampleExample description
.class.introSelects all elements with class=“intro”
.class1.class2.name1.name2Selects all elements with both name1 and name2 set within its class attribute
.class1 .class2.name1 .name2Selects all elements with name2 that is a descendant of an element with name1
#id#firstnameSelects the element with id=“firstname”
**Selects all elements
elementpSelects all

elements

element.classp.introSelects all

elements with class=“intro”

element,elementdiv, pSelects all
elements and all

elements

element elementdiv pSelects all

elements inside

elements

element>elementdiv > pSelects all

elements where the parent is a

element

element+elementdiv + pSelects all

elements that are placed immediately after

elements

element1~element2p ~ ulSelects every
  • element that are preceded by a

    element

[attribute][target]Selects all elements with a target attribute
[attribute=value][target=_blank]Selects all elements with target="_blank"
[attribute~=value][title~=flower]Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word “flower”
[attribute|=value][lang|=en]Selects all elements with a lang attribute value starting with “en”
[attribute^=value]a[href^=“https”]Selects every element whose href attribute value begins with “https”
[attribute$=value]a[href$=".pdf"]Selects every element whose href attribute value ends with “.pdf”
[attribute*=value]a[href*=“w3schools”]Selects every element whose href attribute value contains the substring “w3schools”
:activea:activeSelects the active link
::afterp::afterInsert something after the content of each

element

::beforep::beforeInsert something before the content of each

element

:checkedinput:checkedSelects every checked element
:defaultinput:defaultSelects the default element
:disabledinput:disabledSelects every disabled element
:emptyp:emptySelects every

element that has no children (including text nodes)

:enabledinput:enabledSelects every enabled element
:first-childp:first-childSelects every

element that is the first child of its parent

::first-letterp::first-letterSelects the first letter of every

element

::first-linep::first-lineSelects the first line of every

element

:first-of-typep:first-of-typeSelects every

element that is the first

element of its parent

:focusinput:focusSelects the input element which has focus
:hovera:hoverSelects links on mouse over
:in-rangeinput:in-rangeSelects input elements with a value within a specified range
:indeterminateinput:indeterminateSelects input elements that are in an indeterminate state
:invalidinput:invalidSelects all input elements with an invalid value
:lang(language)p:lang(it)Selects every

element with a lang attribute equal to “it” (Italian)

:last-childp:last-childSelects every

element that is the last child of its parent

:last-of-typep:last-of-typeSelects every

element that is the last

element of its parent

:linka:linkSelects all unvisited links
:not(selector):not§Selects every element that is not a

element

:nth-child(n)p:nth-child(2)Selects every

element that is the second child of its parent

:nth-last-child(n)p:nth-last-child(2)Selects every

element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child

:nth-last-of-type(n)p:nth-last-of-type(2)Selects every

element that is the second

element of its parent, counting from the last child

:nth-of-type(n)p:nth-of-type(2)Selects every

element that is the second

element of its parent

:only-of-typep:only-of-typeSelects every

element that is the only

element of its parent

:only-childp:only-childSelects every

element that is the only child of its parent

:optionalinput:optionalSelects input elements with no “required” attribute
:out-of-rangeinput:out-of-rangeSelects input elements with a value outside a specified range
::placeholderinput::placeholderSelects input elements with the “placeholder” attribute specified
:read-onlyinput:read-onlySelects input elements with the “readonly” attribute specified
:read-writeinput:read-writeSelects input elements with the “readonly” attribute NOT specified
:requiredinput:requiredSelects input elements with the “required” attribute specified
:root:rootSelects the document’s root element
::selection::selectionSelects the portion of an element that is selected by a user
:target#news:targetSelects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name)
:validinput:validSelects all input elements with a valid value
:visiteda:visitedSelects all visited links

参考

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelectorAll

https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_element_scrollintoview.asp

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