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mysql 表数据diff_mysqldiff对数据库间进行差异比较

尉迟宣
2023-12-01

mysqldiff该工具是官方mysql-utilities工具集的一个脚本,可以用来对比不同数据库之间的表结构,或者同个数据库间的表结构

如果在windows下,直接下载mysql-utilities安装就可以了,然后运行后,会跑到命令行下:

1) 基本用法

mysqldiff --server1=admin:[email protected] --server2=admin:[email protected]

--difftype=differ test:test

这样就比较两个不同库中的数据库test,假设两个库中库名都是test

也可以比较不同的表

mysqldiff [email protected] [email protected] testdb.table1:anotherdb.anothertable

就是使用库名.表名的方式就可以了

下面是出来的一个效果

# mysqldiff --force --server1=root:[email protected]:21489 --server2=root:[email protected]:21490 employees:employees

# WARNING: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

# server1 on 127.0.0.1: ... connected.

# server2 on 127.0.0.1: ... connected.

# Comparing `employees` to `employees`                             [PASS]

# Comparing `employees`.`departments` to `employees`.`departments`   [FAIL]

# Object definitions differ. (--changes-for=server1)

#

--- `employees`.`departments`

+++ `employees`.`departments`

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@

CREATE TABLE `departments` (

`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,

-  `dept_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,

+  `dept_name` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`dept_no`),

UNIQUE KEY `dept_name` (`dept_name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

可以看到,默认-号代表左边要比较的server1的变化,+号代表右边server2的不同,

如果要交换,可以使用参数:

–changes-for=server2

如果要在比较不同的时候,强行继续比较下去,要增加--force选项

2) 可以生成差异化的SQL,因为方法1)中,只产生了不同的地方,但如为了生产考虑,

要生成达到server2的脚本,则可以使用参数

--difftype=sql,

则:

mysqldiff --server1=admin:[email protected] --server2=admin:[email protected]

--difftype=sql test:test

mysqldiff的核心是使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA

SHOW CREATE TABLE `departments`;

SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, ENGINE, AUTO_INCREMENT, AVG_ROW_LENGTH, CHECKSUM, TABLE_COLLATION, TABLE_COMMENT, ROW_FORMAT, CREATE_OPTIONS

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments';

SELECT ORDINAL_POSITION, COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE,

COLUMN_DEFAULT, EXTRA, COLUMN_COMMENT, COLUMN_KEY

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS

WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments';

SELECT PARTITION_NAME, SUBPARTITION_NAME, PARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION,

SUBPARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION, PARTITION_METHOD, SUBPARTITION_METHOD,

PARTITION_EXPRESSION, SUBPARTITION_EXPRESSION, PARTITION_DESCRIPTION

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS

WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments';

SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA,

REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME, REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE

WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments' AND

REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA IS NOT NULL;

SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, ENGINE, AUTO_INCREMENT, AVG_ROW_LENGTH, CHECKSUM, TABLE_COLLATION, TABLE_COMMENT, ROW_FORMAT, CREATE_OPTIONS

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments';

SELECT ORDINAL_POSITION, COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE,

COLUMN_DEFAULT, EXTRA, COLUMN_COMMENT, COLUMN_KEY

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS

WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments';

SELECT PARTITION_NAME, SUBPARTITION_NAME, PARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION,

SUBPARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION, PARTITION_METHOD, SUBPARTITION_METHOD,

PARTITION_EXPRESSION, SUBPARTITION_EXPRESSION, PARTITION_DESCRIPTION

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS

WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'employees' AND TABLE_NAME = 'departments';

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