本文的所有源码来自于:https://github.com/jackfrued/Python-100-Days/tree/master/Day01-15
turtle(海龟)库是turtle绘图体系python的实现;
turtle绘图体系:1969年诞生,主要用于程序设计入门;
turtle库是python的标准库之一;属于入门级的图形绘制函数库;
直接使用pip进行安装
pip install turtle
turtle.screensize(1000,600,'red') #大小的设置
turtle.setup(width=0.5, height=0.75, startx=None, starty=None)#参数:
#width, height: 输入宽和高为整数时, 表示像素; 为小数时, 表示占据电脑屏幕的比例,
#startx, starty: 这一坐标表示矩形窗口左上角顶点的位置, 如果为空,则窗口位于屏幕中心。
turtle.mainloop()#必须是程序的最后一个语句
(1)画笔运动的命令
turtle.forward(distance) #向当前画笔方向移动a像素长度
turtle.backward(distance) #向当前画笔相反方向移动a像素长度
turtle.right(degree) #顺时针移动
aturtle.left(degree) #逆时针移动
aturtle.pendown() #移动时绘制图形
turtle.goto(x,y) #将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置
turtle.penup() #移动时不绘制图形,提起笔
turtle.speed() #画笔绘制的速度范围
turtle.circle() #画图,半径为正,表示圆心在画笔的左边画圈
(2)画笔控制命令
turtle.pensize(width) #绘制图形的宽度
turtle.pencolor() #画笔的颜色
turtle.fillcolor(color) #绘制图形的填充颜色
turtle.color(color1,color2) #同时设置pencolor=color1,fillcolor=color2
turtle.filling() #返回当前是否在填充状态
turtle.begin_fill() #准备开始填充图形
turtle.end_fill() #填充完成
turtle.hideturtle() #隐藏箭头显示
turtle.showturtle() #显示箭头
(3)全局控制命令
turtle.clear() #清空turtle窗口,但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变
turtle.reset() #清空窗口,重置turtle状态为起始位置
turtle.undo() #撤销上一个turtle动作
"""
用Python的turtle模块绘制国旗
"""
import turtle
def draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height):
"""
绘制矩形
"""
turtle.goto(x, y)# 设置画笔位置
# 设置画笔颜色
turtle.pencolor('red')
# 设置矩形填充颜色
turtle.fillcolor('red')
# 填充矩形
turtle.begin_fill()
for i in range(2):
turtle.forward(width)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(height)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.end_fill()
def draw_star(x, y, radius):
"""
绘制五角星
"""
turtle.setpos(x, y) # 将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置(五角星起始位置)
pos1 = turtle.pos() # 返回画笔位置
turtle.circle(-radius, 72) # 绘制72度圆弧角
pos2 = turtle.pos()
turtle.circle(-radius, 72)
pos3 = turtle.pos()
turtle.circle(-radius, 72)
pos4 = turtle.pos()
turtle.circle(-radius, 72)
pos5 = turtle.pos()
turtle.color('yellow', 'yellow') #设置填充颜色
# 开始填充
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.goto(pos3)
turtle.goto(pos1)
turtle.goto(pos4)
turtle.goto(pos2)
turtle.goto(pos5)
turtle.end_fill()
def main():
"""
主程序
"""
turtle.speed(12)
turtle.penup()
x, y = -270, -180
# 画国旗主体
width, height = 540, 360
draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height)
# 画大星星
pice = 22
center_x, center_y = x + 5 * pice, y + height - pice * 5
turtle.goto(center_x, center_y)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(pice * 3)
turtle.right(90)
draw_star(turtle.xcor(), turtle.ycor(), pice * 3)
x_poses, y_poses = [10, 12, 12, 10], [2, 4, 7, 9]
# 画小星星
for x_pos, y_pos in zip(x_poses, y_poses):
turtle.goto(x + x_pos * pice, y + height - y_pos * pice)
turtle.left(turtle.towards(center_x, center_y) - turtle.heading())
turtle.forward(pice)
turtle.right(90)
draw_star(turtle.xcor(), turtle.ycor(), pice)
# 隐藏海龟
turtle.ht()
# 显示绘图窗口
turtle.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
(2)绘制小猪佩奇
"""
绘制小猪佩奇
"""
from turtle import *
def nose(x,y):
"""画鼻子"""
penup()
# 将海龟移动到指定的坐标
goto(x,y)
pendown()
# 设置海龟的方向(0-东、90-北、180-西、270-南)
setheading(-30)
begin_fill()
a = 0.4
for i in range(120):
if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i <90:
a = a + 0.08
# 向左转3度
left(3)
# 向前走
forward(a)
else:
a = a - 0.08
left(3)
forward(a)
end_fill()
penup()
setheading(90)
forward(25)
setheading(0)
forward(10)
pendown()
# 设置画笔的颜色(红, 绿, 蓝)
pencolor(255, 155, 192)
setheading(10)
begin_fill()
circle(5)
color(160, 82, 45)
end_fill()
penup()
setheading(0)
forward(20)
pendown()
pencolor(255, 155, 192)
setheading(10)
begin_fill()
circle(5)
color(160, 82, 45)
end_fill()
def head(x, y):
"""画头"""
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
penup()
goto(x,y)
setheading(0)
pendown()
begin_fill()
setheading(180)
circle(300, -30)
circle(100, -60)
circle(80, -100)
circle(150, -20)
circle(60, -95)
setheading(161)
circle(-300, 15)
penup()
goto(-100, 100)
pendown()
setheading(-30)
a = 0.4
for i in range(60):
if 0<= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
a = a + 0.08
lt(3) #向左转3度
fd(a) #向前走a的步长
else:
a = a - 0.08
lt(3)
fd(a)
end_fill()
def ears(x,y):
"""画耳朵"""
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
penup()
goto(x, y)
pendown()
begin_fill()
setheading(100)
circle(-50, 50)
circle(-10, 120)
circle(-50, 54)
end_fill()
penup()
setheading(90)
forward(-12)
setheading(0)
forward(30)
pendown()
begin_fill()
setheading(100)
circle(-50, 50)
circle(-10, 120)
circle(-50, 56)
end_fill()
def eyes(x,y):
"""画眼睛"""
color((255, 155, 192), "white")
penup()
setheading(90)
forward(-20)
setheading(0)
forward(-95)
pendown()
begin_fill()
circle(15)
end_fill()
color("black")
penup()
setheading(90)
forward(12)
setheading(0)
forward(-3)
pendown()
begin_fill()
circle(3)
end_fill()
color((255, 155, 192), "white")
penup()
seth(90)
forward(-25)
seth(0)
forward(40)
pendown()
begin_fill()
circle(15)
end_fill()
color("black")
penup()
setheading(90)
forward(12)
setheading(0)
forward(-3)
pendown()
begin_fill()
circle(3)
end_fill()
def cheek(x,y):
"""画脸颊"""
color((255, 155, 192))
penup()
goto(x,y)
pendown()
setheading(0)
begin_fill()
circle(30)
end_fill()
def mouth(x,y):
"""画嘴巴"""
color(239, 69, 19)
penup()
goto(x, y)
pendown()
setheading(-80)
circle(30, 40)
circle(40, 80)
def setting():
"""设置参数"""
pensize(4)
# 隐藏海龟
hideturtle()
colormode(255)
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
setup(840, 500)
speed(10)
def main():
"""主函数"""
setting()
nose(-100, 100)
head(-69, 167)
ears(0, 160)
eyes(0, 140)
cheek(80, 10)
mouth(-20, 30)
done()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()