mongo管理

基于mongo3.0，和2.x的版本有些地方会不大一样。

安装

源安装(ubuntu)

echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu "$(lsb_release -sc)"/mongodb-org/3.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10

apt-get update

apt-get install -y mongodb-org

mac下登陆mongo

mac 下面默认环境变量会导致登陆不上，报如下错误:

root@iZ28ywqw7nhZ:~# mongo
Failed global initialization: BadValue Invalid or no user locale set. Please ensure LANG and/or LC_* environment variables are set correctly.

设置下环境变量就好了:

export LC_ALL=C
mongo 

启动停止

启动

脚本的方法:

/etc/init.d/mongod start
/etc/init.d/mongod stop

命令行:

从配置文件启动:
nohup mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf &
停止:
mongo
    use admin
    db.shutdownServer()

停止

脚本:

service mongod stop

命令行:

use admin
db.shutdownServer()

如果以上都无效的话用

killall -15 mongod

注意不用用kill -9 ,-9会导致数据库损坏。

mongodb修复

很简单，启动时加上–repair参数
mongod –dbpath /data/db –repair
非正常重启或者kill -9 均可导致mongodb数据库损坏。

php和python驱动的安装

安装php驱动

pecl install mongo

安装python驱动

apt-get install python-pip

pip install pymongo

root@iZ28ywqw7nhZ:~# python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Dec 18 2014, 19:10:20)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
import pymongo
能正确import 就说明pymongo已经安装成功

mongo索引

mongo索引和其他数据库类似的，数据结构上面用的是b树。

创建索引ensureInde

db.inventory.ensureIndex({"item":1})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
    "ok" : 1
}

查看索引

db.inventory.getIndexes()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test.inventory"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "item" : 1
        },
        "name" : "item_1",
        "ns" : "test.inventory"
    }
]

删除索引

db.inventory.dropIndex({"item":1})
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }

唯一索引

db.test.ensureIndex({"item":1},{"unique":true})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : true,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
    "ok" : 1
}

explain查询执行计划

db.inventory.find().explain()
{
    "queryPlanner" : {
        "plannerVersion" : 1,
        "namespace" : "test.inventory",
        "indexFilterSet" : false,
        "parsedQuery" : {
            "$and" : [ ]
        },
        "winningPlan" : {
            "stage" : "COLLSCAN",
            "filter" : {
                "$and" : [ ]
            },
            "direction" : "forward"
        },
        "rejectedPlans" : [ ]
    },
    "serverInfo" : {
        "host" : "iZ28ywqw7nhZ",
        "port" : 27017,
        "version" : "3.0.2",
        "gitVersion" : "6201872043ecbbc0a4cc169b5482dcf385fc464f"
    },
    "ok" : 1
}

stage 是COLLSCAN 说明没有走索引，走索引的话会显示 IXSCAN

mongo备份恢复

备份mongodump

root@iZ28ywqw7nhZ:~/backup# mongodump 
2015-04-26T21:31:34.095+0800    writing admin.system.indexes to dump/admin/system.indexes.bson

2015-04-26T21:31:34.096+0800    writing admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.bson

2015-04-26T21:31:34.113+0800    writing admin.system.users metadata to dump/admin/system.users.metadata.json

2015-04-26T21:31:34.115+0800    done dumping admin.system.users

2015-04-26T21:31:34.115+0800    writing admin.system.version to dump/admin/system.version.bson

2015-04-26T21:31:34.116+0800    writing admin.system.version metadata to dump/admin/system.version.metadata.json

2015-04-26T21:31:34.117+0800    done dumping admin.system.version

2015-04-26T21:31:34.117+0800    writing test.inventory to dump/test/inventory.bson

2015-04-26T21:31:34.118+0800    writing test.inventory metadata to dump/test/inventory.metadata.json

2015-04-26T21:31:34.119+0800    done dumping test.inventory

2015-04-26T21:31:34.119+0800    writing test.system.indexes to dump/test/system.indexes.bson

恢复mongorestore –drop

root@iZ28ywqw7nhZ:~/backup# mongorestore --drop
2015-04-27T09:03:22.391+0800    using default 'dump' directory

2015-04-27T09:03:22.394+0800    building a list of dbs and collections to restore from dump dir

2015-04-27T09:03:22.397+0800    reading metadata file from dump/test/inventory.metadata.json

2015-04-27T09:03:22.397+0800    restoring test.inventory from file dump/test/inventory.bson

2015-04-27T09:03:22.398+0800    restoring indexes for collection test.inventory from metadata

2015-04-27T09:03:22.398+0800    finished restoring test.inventory

2015-04-27T09:03:22.399+0800    restoring users from dump/admin/system.users.bson

2015-04-27T09:03:22.402+0800    done

恢复单库

cd ~/testmongobackup

mongorestore -d blog –drop

恢复单集合

cd ~/testmongobackup

mongorestore -d blog -c posts –drop

备份大库

导入导出

导入 mongoimport

目前支持三种格式

• CSV
• TSV
• JSON

比如:

$mongoimport -d blog -c tagcloud –type csv –headerline < csvimportfile.csv

导出 mongoexport

也是支持3种格式，和import一致。

mongoexport -d blog -c posts -q {} -f _id,Title,Message,Author –csv >blogposts.csv

认证

添加一个admin用户

use admin
db.createUser({user : "admin", pwd: "pass", roles: [ "readWrite", "dbAdmin" ] })
db.system.users.find()

常见的权限有

• read
• readWrite
• dbAdmin
• dbOwner
• userAdmin
• backup
• restore
• readAnyDatabase
• readWriteAnyDatabase
• userAdminAnyDatabase
• dbAdminAnyDatabase
• root （最高权限）
• …

具体含义请见 http://docs.mongodb.org/v3.0/reference/built-in-roles/

开启认证

在mongo配置文件中加入，之后重启生效:

auth=true

service mongodb restart