JSON Schema - 一种JSON数据的校验方法

1. 说明

JSON Schema本身也是一个JSON，它规定了其他JSON数据的结构，包括：哪些是必选字段，字段类型是什么，字段内容取值是什么，数组元素个数的最大最小值等等

简单来说，JSON Schema是一系列规则组成的JSON，这些规则规定了JSON数据应该是什么样的格式

将JSON数据与JSON Schema进行比较，就可以知道JSON数据是否满足条件。由此，我们可以用JSON Schema来校验JSON格式的接口返回报文是否合格

实际应用中，我是用Java来实现校验的，引用的jar包是：org.json

2. JSON Schema示例

{
    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
    "definitions": {
        "address": {
            "properties": {
                "city": {
                    "type": "string"
                },
                "state": {
                    "type": "string"
                },
                "street_address": {
                    "type": "string"
                }
            },
            "required": [
                "street_address",
                "city",
                "state"
            ],
            "type": "object"
        }
    },
    "properties": {
        "billing_address": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/address"
        },
        "shipping_address": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/address"
        }
    },
    "type": "object"
}

如上就是一个简单的JSON Schema示例，关于JSON Schema更详细的内容，可以参考：

https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/index.html

3. maven引入jar包

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.json</groupId>
	<artifactId>json</artifactId>
	<version>20180130</version>
</dependency>

4. 校验逻辑示例

package com.alibaba.campaign.util;


import org.everit.json.schema.Schema;
import org.everit.json.schema.ValidationException;
import org.everit.json.schema.loader.SchemaLoader;
import org.everit.json.schema.regexp.RE2JRegexpFactory;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.JSONTokener;

public class JSONUtil {
    public static final String VALIDATE_RESULT = "validateResult";
    public static final String VALIDATE_MESSAGE = "message";
    public static final String VALIDATE_SUCCESS = "SUCCESS";
    public static final String VALIDATE_FAILED = "FAILED";

    /**
     * @param jsonString - The string which to be validate
     * @return true - if the string is valid json
     * false - if the string is NOT valid json
     */
    public static boolean isStringValidJSON(String jsonString) {
        try {
            new JSONObject(jsonString);
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @param schema - Json schema
     * @param jsonObject - The JSON object which will be validated
     * @return A JSON object which contains validate result and message
     */
    public static JSONObject validateJSONWithSchema(String schema, JSONObject jsonObject) {
        JSONObject resultObject = new JSONObject();

        if (null == schema || !isStringValidJSON(schema)) {
            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_RESULT, VALIDATE_FAILED);
            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_MESSAGE, "The inputted json schema is invalid, please check!");

            return resultObject;
        }

        if (null == jsonObject) {
            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_RESULT, VALIDATE_FAILED);
            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_MESSAGE, "The inputted json object is null, please check!");

            return resultObject;
        }

        JSONObject schemaObject = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(schema));
        Schema jsonSchema = SchemaLoader.builder()
                .regexpFactory(new RE2JRegexpFactory())
                .schemaJson(schemaObject).build().load().build();

        try {
            jsonSchema.validate(jsonObject);

            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_RESULT, VALIDATE_SUCCESS);
            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_MESSAGE, "Validate is success!");
        } catch (ValidationException e) {
            resultObject = e.toJSON();
            resultObject.put(VALIDATE_RESULT, VALIDATE_FAILED);
        } finally {
            return resultObject;
        }
    }

}