MariaDB内连接

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2023-03-14

在MariaDB数据库中，连接用于从多个表中检索数据。当有两个或两个以上的表时，则需要使用连接实现。

MariaDB中有三种类型的连接：

INNER JOIN (也称为SIMPLE JOIN)
LEFT OUTER JOIN (也称为LEFT JOIN)
RIGHT OUTER JOIN (也称为RIGHT JOIN)

MariaDB INNER JOIN

MariaDB INNER JOIN是最常见的连接类型，它返回连接条件满足的多个表中的所有行。

语法：

SELECT columns  
FROM table1   
INNER JOIN table2  
ON table1.column = table2.column;

图形表示如下：

注：上图中，两个图形的中间交叉蓝色部分就是连接的结果集。

为了方便演示，我们需要创建两个表，并插入一些数据 -

USE testdb;
DROP table if exists students;
DROP table if exists subjects;
DROP table if exists scores;
-- 学生信息
CREATE TABLE students(  
    student_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  
    student_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,  
    student_address VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,  
    admission_date DATE,  
    PRIMARY KEY ( student_id )
);

-- 科目信息
CREATE TABLE subjects(  
    subject_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  
    subject_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY ( subject_id )
);

-- 成绩信息
CREATE TABLE scores(  
    id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    student_id int(10) NOT NULL,
    subject_id int(10) NOT NULL,
    score float(4,1) DEFAULT NULL,
    created_time datetime DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY ( id )
);

插入数据 -

--- 学生信息数据
INSERT INTO students  
(student_id, student_name, student_address, admission_date)  
VALUES(1,'Maxsu','Haikou','2017-01-07 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO students  
(student_id, student_name, student_address, admission_date)  
VALUES  
(2,'JMaster','Beijing','2016-05-07 00:00:00'),  
(3,'Mahesh','Guangzhou','2016-06-07 00:00:00'),  
(4,'Kobe','Shanghai','2016-02-07 00:00:00'),  
(5,'Blaba','Shenzhen','2016-08-07 00:00:00');

-- 科目信息数据
INSERT INTO subjects  
(subject_id, subject_name)  
VALUES(1,'计算机网络基础');

INSERT INTO subjects  
(subject_id, subject_name)  
VALUES(2,'高等数学');

INSERT INTO subjects  
(subject_id, subject_name)  
VALUES(3,'离散数学');

-- 分数
INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(1,1,81,'2017-11-18 19:30:02');

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(1,2,89,NOW());

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(1,3,92,NOW());

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(2,2,95,NOW());

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(2,3,72,NOW());

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(3,1,59,NOW());

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(3,3,77,NOW());

INSERT INTO scores  
(student_id, subject_id, score, created_time)  
VALUES(4,2,81,NOW());

当前studens表中的行记录如下 -

MariaDB [testdb]> select * from students;
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+
| student_id | student_name | student_address | admission_date |
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+
|          1 | Maxsu        | Haikou          | 2017-01-07     |
|          2 | JMaster      | Beijing         | 2016-05-07     |
|          3 | Mahesh       | Guangzhou       | 2016-06-07     |
|          4 | Kobe         | Shanghai        | 2016-02-07     |
|          5 | Blaba        | Shenzhen        | 2016-08-07     |
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当前score表中的行记录如下 -

MariaDB [testdb]> select * from scores;
+----+------------+------------+-------+---------------------+
| id | student_id | subject_id | score | created_time        |
+----+------------+------------+-------+---------------------+
|  1 |          1 |          1 |  81.0 | 2017-11-18 19:30:02 |
|  2 |          1 |          2 |  89.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:57 |
|  3 |          1 |          3 |  92.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:58 |
|  4 |          2 |          2 |  95.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:58 |
|  5 |          2 |          3 |  72.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:58 |
|  6 |          3 |          1 |  59.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:58 |
|  7 |          3 |          3 |  77.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:58 |
|  8 |          4 |          2 |  81.0 | 2017-11-28 22:31:58 |
+----+------------+------------+-------+---------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

示例1

使用以下语法根据给定的参数条件连接两个表 - subjects和scores：

SELECT subjects.subject_id, subjects.subject_name, scores.score  
FROM subjects   
INNER JOIN scores  
ON subjects.subject_id = scores.subject_id
ORDER BY subjects.subject_id;

上面查询语句查询所有科目的考试分数，得到以下结果 -

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT subjects.subject_id, subjects.subject_name, scores.score
    -> FROM subjects
    -> INNER JOIN scores
    -> ON subjects.subject_id = scores.subject_id
    -> ORDER BY subjects.subject_id;
+------------+----------------+-------+
| subject_id | subject_name   | score |
+------------+----------------+-------+
|          1 | 计算机网络基础 |  81.0 |
|          1 | 计算机网络基础 |  59.0 |
|          2 | 高等数学       |  89.0 |
|          2 | 高等数学       |  81.0 |
|          2 | 高等数学       |  95.0 |
|          3 | 离散数学       |  77.0 |
|          3 | 离散数学       |  92.0 |
|          3 | 离散数学       |  72.0 |
+------------+----------------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

示例2

查询每个学生的成绩 -

SELECT students.student_id, students.student_name, scores.subject_id, scores.score  
FROM students   
INNER JOIN scores  
ON students.student_id = scores.student_id
ORDER BY students.student_id;

执行上面查询语句，得到以下结果 -

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT students.student_id, students.student_name, scores.subject_id, scores.score
    -> FROM students
    -> INNER JOIN scores
    -> ON students.student_id = scores.student_id
    -> ORDER BY students.student_id;
+------------+--------------+------------+-------+
| student_id | student_name | subject_id | score |
+------------+--------------+------------+-------+
|          1 | Maxsu        |          1 |  81.0 |
|          1 | Maxsu        |          2 |  89.0 |
|          1 | Maxsu        |          3 |  92.0 |
|          2 | JMaster      |          2 |  95.0 |
|          2 | JMaster      |          3 |  72.0 |
|          3 | Mahesh       |          1 |  59.0 |
|          3 | Mahesh       |          3 |  77.0 |
|          4 | Kobe         |          2 |  81.0 |
+------------+--------------+------------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

示例2

查询指定学生，并且成绩大于85分的信息 -

SELECT students.student_id, students.student_name, scores.subject_id, scores.score  
FROM students   
INNER JOIN scores  
ON students.student_id = scores.student_id
WHERE students.student_name='Maxsu' AND scores.score > 85;

执行上面查询语句，得到以下结果 -

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT students.student_id, students.student_name, scores.subject_id, scores.score
    -> FROM students
    -> INNER JOIN scores
    -> ON students.student_id = scores.student_id
    -> WHERE students.student_name='Maxsu' AND scores.score > 85;
+------------+--------------+------------+-------+
| student_id | student_name | subject_id | score |
+------------+--------------+------------+-------+
|          1 | Maxsu        |          2 |  89.0 |
|          1 | Maxsu        |          3 |  92.0 |
+------------+--------------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)