C语言实现停车场管理系统

问题描述：停车场是一个能放n辆车的狭长通道，只有一个大门，汽车按到达的先后次序停放。若车场满了，车要停在门外的便道上等候，一旦有车走，则便道上第一辆车进入。当停车场中的车离开时，由于通道窄，在它后面呢的车要先退出，待它走后再依次进入。汽车离开时按停放时间收费。

基本功能要求：

（1）建立三个数据结构分别是：停放队列、让路栈、等候队列。
（2）输入数据模拟管理过程，数据（入或出，车号）。

停车管理系统是C语言中队列和栈比较简单的应用，需要注意的是停车队列、等候队列、让路栈结构体的构建。在写代码时，出队列入栈和出栈入队列时，指针容易出错而造成段错误，应当注意。我所写的代码如下：

//定义结构体

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define F 0
#define T 1
#define MAX 3

typedef struct Node //数据
{
 int number;
 int time;
}Node;

typedef struct QueueNode //队列结点
{
 struct Node infom;
 struct QueueNode * next;
}*QueueNode;

typedef struct LinkQueue //链队列
{
 struct QueueNode * front;
 struct QueueNode * rear;
}LinkQueue;

typedef struct stack   //栈结点
{
 struct Node data;
 struct stack *next;
}*StackNode;

typedef struct LinkStack  //链栈
{
 StackNode top;
 int count;
}LinkStack;

//函数实现

void menu(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t);//菜单
int init(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway);//初始化
int linklength(LinkQueue q);//查看长度
int enqueue(LinkQueue *q,int num,int t);//入队列
int dequeue(LinkQueue *q,int *num,int *t);//出队列
void park1(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park);//停车函数
int push(LinkStack *s,int num,int t);//入栈
int pop(LinkStack *s,int *num,int *t);//出栈
void leave2(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t);//离开函数
void view3(LinkQueue wait,LinkQueue park);//查看停车场状态

int main()
{
 LinkQueue wait;
 LinkQueue park;
 LinkStack giveway;
 int num = 0;
 int t = 0;
 init(&wait,&park,&giveway);
 menu(&wait,&park,&giveway,num,t);
 return 0;
}

int init(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway)
{
 QueueNode newnode1 = (QueueNode)malloc(sizeof(struct QueueNode));
 if(NULL == newnode1)
 {
  return F;
 }
 newnode1->next = NULL;
 wait->front = newnode1;
 wait->rear = newnode1;

 QueueNode newnode2 = (QueueNode)malloc(sizeof(struct QueueNode));
 if(NULL == newnode2)
 {
  return F;
 }
 newnode2->next = NULL;
 park->front = newnode2;
 park->rear = newnode2;

 giveway->top = NULL;
 giveway->count = 0;
}

void menu(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t)
{
 printf("**********Welcome to our Car Parking !**********\n");
 printf("********** Please choose function **********\n");
 printf("**********   1 : park.   **********\n");
 printf("**********   2 : leave.   **********\n");
 printf("**********   3 : view.   **********\n");
 printf("**********   4 : exit.   **********\n");
 int option;
 scanf("%d",&option);
 switch(option)
 {
  case 1:{
   park1(wait,park);
   printf("停车完成！\n");
   menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
   break;
  }
  case 2:{
   leave2(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
   menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
   break;
  }
  case 3:{
   view3(*wait,*park);
   menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
   break;
  }
  case 4:{
   printf("**********  欢迎再次使用，谢谢！ **********\n");
   break;
  }
  default:{
   printf("**********  请输入正确的指令！ **********\n");
   menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
   break;
  }
 }

}

int linklength(LinkQueue q)
{
 int i = 0;
 while(q.front != q.rear)
 {
  i++;
  q.front = q.front->next;
 }
 return i;
}

int enqueue(LinkQueue *q,int num,int t)
{
 QueueNode newnode = (QueueNode)malloc(sizeof(struct QueueNode));
 if(NULL == newnode)
 {
  return F;
 }
 newnode->infom.number = num;
 newnode->infom.time = t;
 newnode->next = NULL;
 q->rear->next = newnode;
 q->rear = newnode;
 return T;
}

int dequeue(LinkQueue *q,int *num,int *t)
{
 if(q->front == q->rear)
 {
  printf("the queue is empty!\n");
  return F;
 }
 *num = q->front->next->infom.number;
 *t = q->front->next->infom.time;
 QueueNode temp = q->front->next;
 q->front->next = temp->next;
 if(temp->next == NULL)
 {
  q->rear = q->front;
 }
 free(temp);
 return T;
}

void park1(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park)
{
 printf("请输入车号和停车时间\n");
 int num,t;
 scanf("%d,%d",&num,&t);
 if(linklength(*park) >= MAX)
 {
  printf("停车场已满，进入等待区！\n");
  enqueue(wait,num,t);
 }
 else
 {
  enqueue(park,num,t);
 }
}

int push(LinkStack *s,int num,int t)
{
 StackNode newnode = (StackNode)malloc(sizeof(struct stack));
 if(NULL == newnode)
 {
  return F;
 }
 newnode->data.number = num;
 newnode->data.time = t;
 newnode->next = s->top;
 s->top = newnode;
 s->count++;
 return T;
}

int pop(LinkStack *s,int *num,int *t)
{
 if(0 == s->count)
 {
  printf("the stack is empty !\n");
  return F;
 }
 *num = s->top->data.number;
 *t = s->top->data.time;
 StackNode temp = s->top;
 s->top = s->top->next;
 free(temp);
 s->count--;
 return T;
}

void leave2(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t)
{
 printf("请输入要离开车的车号\n");
 int leavenumber;
 scanf("%d",&leavenumber);
 int i = 0;
 QueueNode head = park->front;
 while(head != park->rear)
 {
  if(head->next->infom.number != leavenumber)
  {
   head = head->next;
   i++;
  }
  else
   break;
 }
 int j = 0;
 if(i <= MAX-1)
 {
  while(j != i)
  {
   dequeue(park,&num,&t);
   push(giveway,num,t);
   j++;
  }
  dequeue(park,&num,&t);
 }
 else
 {
  printf("查无此车！\n");
 }
 while(giveway->top != NULL)
 {
  pop(giveway,&num,&t);
  enqueue(park,num,t);
 }
 if(linklength(*wait) != 0)
 {
  dequeue(wait,&num,&t);
  enqueue(park,num,t);
 }
}

void view3(LinkQueue wait,LinkQueue park)
{
 printf("******************** 目前停车场状况 ********************\n");
 printf("停车场共%d个车位，当前停车场共有%d量车，等待区共有%d量车\n",
  MAX,linklength(park),linklength(wait));
 printf("**************************************************************\n");
 printf("车 号：");
 QueueNode head1 = park.front;
 QueueNode head2 = park.front;
 while(head1 != park.rear)
 {
  printf("%d ",head1->next->infom.number);
  head1 = head1->next;
 }
 printf("\n");
 printf("停车时间：");
 while(head2 != park.rear)
 {
  printf("%d ",head2->next->infom.time);
  head2 = head2->next;
 }
 printf("\n");
}

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