200行python代码实现2048游戏

Python实战系列用于记录实战项目中的思路，代码实现，出现的问题与解决方案以及可行的改进方向

本文为第2篇–200行Python代码实现2048

一、分析与函数设计

1.1 游戏玩法

2048这款游戏的玩法很简单，每次可以选择上下左右滑动，每滑动一次，所有的数字方块都会往滑动的方向靠拢，系统也会在空白的地方乱数出现一个数字方块，相同数字的方块在靠拢、相撞时会相加。（介绍来自百度百科）

1.2 函数设计

• _init _() 初始化4*4游戏地图，分数等游戏基本数据
• is_gameover() 判断是否结束游戏
• rannumber() 玩家每次移动时在地图上随机生成2、4
• show() 在控制台打印出4*4游戏地图
• print_score() 在控制台打印出当前分数
• up(), upmove() 上移
• down(), downmove() 下移
• left(), leftmove() 左移
• right(), rightmove() 右移
• nextstep() 读取玩家按键
  

二、代码实现

注：IDE为Spyder，Python版本为3.6

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Sat Sep 29 16:29:04 2018

@author: PastoralDog
"""
import random

class game2048(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.score=0
    self.number=[[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]
    self.move=0
    seed=random.randint(0,15)
    line=int(seed/4)
    row=seed%4
    self.number[line][row]=2    
  
  def is_gameover(self):
    numbersum=0
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(4):
        if (self.number[i][j]!=0):
          numbersum+=1
    if(numbersum!=16): return False
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(3):
        if(self.number[i][j+1]==self.number[i][j]): return False
    for i in range(3):
      for j in range(4):
        if(self.number[i+1][j]==self.number[i][j]): return False
    print("游戏结束")
    print("您的得分为："+str(self.score))
    self.__init__()
    return True
  
  def rannumber(self):
    rannumber=random.randint(1,10)   
    if(rannumber<=8): rannumber=2
    else: rannumber=4
    done=0
    count=0
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(4):
        if(self.number[i][j]==0):
          count+=1
    while(done==0 and count!=0):
      ranplace=random.randint(0,15)
      line=int(ranplace/4)
      row=ranplace%4
      if(self.number[line][row]==0):
        done=1
        self.number[line][row]=rannumber      
    
  def show(self):
    print(self.number[0])
    print(self.number[1])
    print(self.number[2])
    print(self.number[3])
    
  def print_score(self):
    print("得分："+str(self.score))
    
  def upmove(self):
    for i in range(1,4):
      for j in range(4):
        temp=i
        while(temp>=1 and self.number[temp-1][j]==0):
          box=self.number[temp-1][j]
          self.number[temp-1][j]=self.number[temp][j]
          self.number[temp][j]=box
          if(self.number[temp][j]!=0):self.move=1
          temp-=1
  
  def up(self):
    self.upmove()
    for i in range(1,4):
      for j in range(4):
        if(self.number[i-1][j]==self.number[i][j]):
          if(self.number[i-1][j]!=2048):
            self.score+=self.number[i][j]
            self.number[i][j]=0
            self.number[i-1][j]=2*self.number[i-1][j]         
    self.upmove()      
    if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
    self.move=0
    self.show()
    self.is_gameover()
    self.print_score()
  
  def downmove(self):
     for i in range(2,-1,-1):
       for j in range(4):
        temp=i
        while(temp<=2 and self.number[temp+1][j]==0 ):
          box=self.number[temp+1][j]
          self.number[temp+1][j]=self.number[temp][j]
          self.number[temp][j]=box
          if(self.number[temp+1][j]!=0):self.move=1
          temp+=1
      
  def down(self):
    self.downmove()
    for i in range(2,-1,-1):
      for j in range(4):
        if(self.number[i+1][j]==self.number[i][j]):
          if(self.number[i+1][j]!=2048):
            self.score+=self.number[i][j]
            self.number[i][j]=0
            self.number[i+1][j]=2*self.number[i+1][j] 
    self.downmove()
    if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
    self.move=0
    self.show()
    self.is_gameover()
    self.print_score()
  
  def leftmove(self):
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(1,4):    
        temp=j
        while(temp>=1 and self.number[i][temp-1]==0 ):
          box=self.number[i][temp-1]
          self.number[i][temp-1]=self.number[i][temp]
          self.number[i][temp]=box
          if(self.number[i][temp-1]!=0):self.move=1
          temp-=1
  
  def left(self):
    self.leftmove()
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(0,3):
        if(self.number[i][j+1]==self.number[i][j]):
          if(self.number[i][j+1]!=2048):
            self.score+=self.number[i][j]
            self.number[i][j+1]=0
            self.number[i][j]=2*self.number[i][j] 
    self.leftmove()
    if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
    self.move=0
    self.show()
    self.is_gameover()
    self.print_score()
  
  def rightmove(self):
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(2,-1,-1):    
        temp=j
        while(temp<=2 and self.number[i][temp+1]==0 ):
          box=self.number[i][temp+1]
          self.number[i][temp+1]=self.number[i][temp]
          self.number[i][temp]=box
          self.move=1
          temp+=1
  
  def right(self):
    self.rightmove()
    for i in range(4):
      for j in range(2,-1,-1):
        if(self.number[i][j+1]==self.number[i][j]):
          if(self.number[i][j+1]!=2048):
            self.score+=self.number[i][j]
            self.number[i][j]=0
            self.number[i][j+1]=2*self.number[i][j+1] 
    self.rightmove()
    if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
    self.move=0
    self.show()
    self.is_gameover()
    self.print_score()
  
  def nextstep(self,step):
    if(step=='w'): self.up()
    elif(step=='s'): self.down()
    elif(step=='a'): self.left()  
    elif(step=='d'): self.right()
    else: pass
       
if __name__ == '__main__':
  game=game2048()
  game.show()
  while(True):
    step=input()
    if(step=='b'):break
    game.nextstep(step)

三、问题与解决方案

1.地图的储存与表示：目前没有界面设计，因此就用二维数组直接储存与表示

2.数组越界：调试代码中遇到过五六次，除了牢记要边缘检测外， and 语句左右条件顺序也要有讲究。

例：while(temp<=2 and self.number[temp+1][j]==0 ) 注：self.number为4*4的二维数组
当temp=3时，语句在temp<=2 被阻塞，不会执行self.number[temp+1][j]==0，此时没有问题;
若语句改为while(self.number[temp+1][j]==0 and temp<=2), 先执行self.number[temp+1][j]==0，此时编译器报错数组越界

四、可行的改进方向

1.添加可视化界面，可考虑Tkinter，QT等

2.拓展游戏地图大小为N x N

本人水平有限，欢迎大家提出问题与建议。

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