浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

郗学

2023-03-14

本文向大家介绍浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式，包括了浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式的使用技巧和注意事项，需要的朋友参考一下

一）URL代理请求

该方式请求有两种代理方式。

方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理
System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");
 
// 对https开启全局代理
System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");

方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
  URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
  conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

二）无参数GET请求

方法解析：

HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 
/**
 * http请求工具类
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class HttpGetUtils {
 
  /**
   * http get请求, 不带参数
   * @param requestURL
   * @param method
   * @return
   */
  public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 记录信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
        // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
        // 对http开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
        // 对https开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
        // 代理访问http请求
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      // 读取数据
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getInputStream();
        inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
        reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
        String temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputReader != null) {
            inputReader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

三）带参数POST请求

方法解析：

HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为JSON

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 
/**
 * http请求工具类
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class HttpPostUtils {
 
  /**
   * http post请求, 带参数
   * @param requestURL
   * @param params
   * @return
   */
  public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 记录信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
        // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
        // 对http开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
        // 对https开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
        // 代理访问http请求
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入
      if (params != null) {
        // 设置参数为json格式
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
  
        // 写入参数信息
        OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
        try {
          os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
        } finally {
          try {
            if (os != null) {
              os.close();
            }
          } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
          }
        }
      }
  
      // 读取数据
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getInputStream();
        inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
        reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
        String temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputReader != null) {
            inputReader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

四）Http模拟测试

本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。

appID和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test; 
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;
 
public class TestHttp {
 
  private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
  private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 获取微信公众号token
    getWeChatToken();
 
    // 修改用户备注信息
    String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";
    String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";
    updateUserRemark(token, openid);
  }
 
  /**
   * 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
   * @return
   */
  public static String getWeChatToken() {
    String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;
 
    String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null);
    System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
    return token;
  }
 
  /**
   * 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
   * @param token
   * @param openid
   * @return
   */
  public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) {
    String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?html" target="_blank">access_token="+token;
    // 封装json参数
    String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";
 
    String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null);
    System.out.println("msg: " + msg);
    return jsonParams;
  }
}

补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法实践总结

我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~

      /**
       * the first way to set params
       * OutputStream
       */

      byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
      // 发送请求params参数
      OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
      outStream.write(bytesParams);
      outStream.flush();

      /**
       * the second way to set params
       * PrintWriter
       */

       PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
      //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
      // 发送请求params参数
      printWriter.write(paramsStr);
      printWriter.flush();

      /**
       * the third way to set params
       * OutputStreamWriter
       */
      OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
          connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
      // 发送请求params参数
      out.write(paramsStr);
      out.flush();

demo：

 /**
   * @param pathurl
   * @param paramsStr
   * @return
   */
  private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) {
    String backStr = "";
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(pathurl);
      HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      // 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET
      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
      connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
      connection.setReadTimeout(50000);
     // User-Agent IE11 的标识
      connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
      /**
       * 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式时我们就需要setDoInput(true)，
       根据api文档我们可知doInput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setDoInput(false)。

       当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法时我们就需要setDoOutput(true), 默认是false
       */
      // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;
      connection.setDoInput(true);
      // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false;
      connection.setDoOutput(true);
      connection.setUseCaches(false);

      /**
       * the first way to set params
       * OutputStream
       */
     /*  byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
      // 发送请求params参数
      OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
      outStream.write(bytesParams);
      outStream.flush();
      */

      /**
       * the second way to set params
       * PrintWriter
       */
      /* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
      //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
      // 发送请求params参数
      printWriter.write(paramsStr);
      printWriter.flush();*/

      /**
       * the third way to set params
       * OutputStreamWriter
       */
      OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
          connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
      // 发送请求params参数
      out.write(paramsStr);
      out.flush();


      connection.connect();//
      int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
      if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
        inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect()
        baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int readLen;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
          baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);
        }
        backStr = baos.toString();
        Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr);

      } else {
        Log.e(TAG, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());
      }

    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      try {
        if (baos != null) {
          baos.close();
        }
        if (inputStream != null) {
          inputStream.close();
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    return backStr;
  }

以上这篇浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持小牛知识库。

浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

相关阅读

相关文章

相关问答

相关工具

相关文档