Mysql常用运算符与函数汇总

我们先把数据表建好

use test;
create table `employee`(
 emp_no int unsigned,
 emp_name varchar(30),
 emp_sex varchar(3),
 emp_age tinyint unsigned,
 sal double,
 history datetime
);
insert into employee values(1, '张三', '男', 18, 5000, '2012-04-23'),
(2, '李四', '男', 27, 4500, '2013-05-23'),
(3, '王五', '男', 23, 4700, '2012-04-21'),
(4, '子龙', '男', 19, 3800, '2011-03-04'),
(5, '李白', '男', 15, 6200, '2015-09-09'),
(6, '刘备', '男', 28, 2500, '2016-02-11'),
(7, '吕布', '男', 21, 6000, '2010-10-18'),
(8, '尚香', '女', 16, 4500, '2011-09-26'),
(9, '小乔', '女', 15, null, '2013-07-05'),
(10, '大乔', '女', 16, 5000, '2017-09-01');

常用的运算符:
1: 等于( = )

 select * from employee where sal = 3800;
 select * from employee where sal = null;  --这里查询不到为null的数据

2: 等于( <=> )

 select * from employee where sal <=> 3800;
 select * from employee where sal <=> null; --这里可以查询到为null的数据

3: is判断(null)

 select * from employee where sal is null;
 select * from employee where sal is not null;

4: null值判断还可以使用isnull();

 select * from employee where isnull(sal);
 select * from employee where !isnull(sal);

5: 在区间(between)内  between min and max  ps:这里是一个闭区间

    select * from employee where sal between 4500 and 5000;

6: 不在区间内

    select * from employee where sal not between 4500 and 5000;  --null不为包括进去

7: and 和 or

 select * from employee where sal not between 4500 and 5000 or sal is null;
 select * from employee where sal = 4500 and emp_sex = '女';

8: 小于(<), 大于(>), 小于等于(<=), 大于等于(>=)

    select * from employee where sal >= 4500;

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数学函数
1: rand();

 select rand() from dual; --dual是一个伪表
 select 1+1 from dual;
 select rand(); --可以简写

2: least(value1, value2, ...) 返回最小值

 select least(54,76,4,65,76,87,87,56,65,654,45,23,1,76);
 select least(54,76,4,65,76,87,87,56,65,654,45,23,1,76) as min_value; --列名可以起一个别名

3: greatest(value1, value2, ...) 返回最大值

    select greatest(54,76,4,65,76,87,87,56,65,654,45,23,1,76);

4: round(M, D); 返回M的四舍五入的值, D表示要保留几们小数,默认值是0

 select round(1.69);
 select round(1.69, 1);

5: abs() 绝对值

 select 5-10;
 select abs(5-10);

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汇总函数

1: avg(); 

 select * from employee where sal >= 6000;
 select avg(sal) from employee where sal >= 6000;

2: count()

 select count(*) from employee;
 select count(emp_name) from employee;
 select count(sal) from employee;  --打印9 这里会忽略null值
 select count(*) from employee where sal >= 4000;
 select count(*) from employee where sal <= 4000 or sal is null;

3: sum()

    select sum(sal) from employee where sal >= 6000;

4: min()

    select min(sal) from employee;

5: max()

    select max(sal) from employee;

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日期函数

1: 获取当前的日期时间

 select now(), sysdate(), current_timestamp();
 select now(6), sysdate(6), current_timestamp(6);
 ps: now(), current_timestamp();没有区别, 表示sql开始执行时的时间
  sysdate()表示这个函数开始时间

2: 获取当前日期

    select curdate();   --只有年月日

3: 获取当前时间

    select curtime();   --只有时分秒

4: 日期的加运算date_add     

 select history, date_add(history, interval '1 12:10' day_minute) from employee; --date_add(history, interval '1 12:10' day_minute)
 select history, date_add(history, interval '1-1' year_month) from employee;  --date_add(history, interval '1-1' year_month)
 select history, date_add(history, interval '1' second) from employee;    --date_add(history, interval '1' second)

5: 日期的减运算data_sub

    select history, date_sub(history, interval '1-1' year_month) from employee; 

6: 计算日期差

    select history, sysdate(), datediff(sysdate(), history) from employee;     --以天数来表示

7: 获取日期的指定部分(把日期转换为指定的格式)  date_format()

 select history, date_format(history, '%Y年%m月%d号') from employee;
 select history, date_format(history, '%d号') from employee;
 select history, date_format(history, '%Y年%m月%d号 %H时%i分%s秒') from employee;

8: 计算出一个日期是星期几

    select history, dayname(history) from employee;

9: 中文日期字符串转换日期str_to_date()
 

 insert into employee values(11, '张飞', '男', 22, 3000, '2017年02月01号'); --报错
 insert into employee values(11, '张飞', '男', 22, 3000, str_to_date('2017年02月01号', '%Y年%m月%d号 %H时%i分%s秒'));

    insert into employee values(12, '二哥', '男', 22, 3000, str_to_date('2017年02月01号 23时02分02秒', '%Y年%m月%d号 %H时%i分%s秒'));
    insert into employee values(12, '二哥', '男', 22, 3000, str_to_date('2017年02月01号 11时02分02秒', '%Y年%m月%d号 %h时%i分%s秒'));
    ps: 如果是h则表示12小制, 如果是大H则表示24小明制;

字符串函数

1: left(str, len) 返回字符串str的左端len个字符

    select left('abcdefg', 5);
 

2: length()

    select length('abcdefg');

3: lower(str) 返回小写的字符串str

    select lower('HELLO');

4: substring() 取子字符串, 第二个参数是截取的起始位置, 第三个参数是要截取的长度

    select substring('helloworld',2,3);

5: concat() 字符串拼接

    select concat(emp_name, '员工') from employee;

6: replace(替换

    select replace(emp_name, '李', '老') from employee where emp_name = '李四';