C语言链表实现贪吃蛇游戏

阅读学习了源代码，并做了简单的注释和修改，里面只用了链表数据结构，非常适合C语言入门者学习阅读。

程序可在VS2013下编译运行。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define U 1
#define D 2
#define L 3 
#define R 4  //蛇的状态，U：上 ；D：下；L:左 R：右

typedef struct SNAKE //蛇身的一个节点
{
 int x;
 int y;
 struct SNAKE *next;
}snake;

//全局变量//
int score = 0, add = 10;//总得分与每次吃食物得分。
int status, sleeptime = 200;//每次运行的时间间隔
snake *head, *food;//蛇头指针，食物指针
snake *q;//遍历蛇的时候用到的指针
int endGamestatus = 0; //游戏结束的情况，1：撞到墙；2：咬到自己；3：主动退出游戏。

//声明全部函数//
void Pos();
void creatMap();
void initSnake();
int biteSelf();
void createFood();
void cantCrossWall();
void snakeMove();
void pause();
void runGame();
void initGame();
void endGame();
void gameStart();

void Pos(int x, int y)//设置光标位置
{
 COORD pos;
 HANDLE hOutput;
 pos.X = x;
 pos.Y = y;
 hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//返回标准的输入、输出或错误的设备的句柄，也就是获得输入、输出/错误的屏幕缓冲区的句柄
 SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOutput, pos);
}

void creatMap()//创建地图
{
 int i;
 for (i = 0; i<58; i += 2)//打印上下边框
 {
  Pos(i, 0);
  printf("■");//一个方块占两个位置
  Pos(i, 26);
  printf("■");
 }
 for (i = 1; i<26; i++)//打印左右边框
 {
  Pos(0, i);
  printf("■");
  Pos(56, i);
  printf("■");
 }
}

void initSnake()//初始化蛇身
{
 snake *tail;
 int i;
 tail = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));//从蛇尾开始，头插法，以x,y设定开始的位置//
 tail->x = 24;
 tail->y = 5;
 tail->next = NULL;
 for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++)//初始长度为4
 {
  head = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
  head->next = tail;
  head->x = 24 + 2 * i;
  head->y = 5;
  tail = head;
 }
 while (tail != NULL)//从头到为，输出蛇身
 {
  Pos(tail->x, tail->y);
  printf("■");
  tail = tail->next;
 }
}
//??
int biteSelf()//判断是否咬到了自己
{
 snake *self;
 self = head->next;
 while (self != NULL)
 {
  if (self->x == head->x && self->y == head->y)
  {
   return 1;
  } 
  self = self->next;
 }
 return 0;
}

void createFood()//随机出现食物
{
 snake *food_1;
 srand((unsigned)time(NULL));//为了防止每次产生的随机数相同，种子设置为time
 food_1 = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
 while ((food_1->x % 2) != 0) //保证其为偶数，使得食物能与蛇头对其
 {
  food_1->x = rand() % 52 + 2;
 }
 food_1->y = rand() % 24 + 1;
 q = head;
 while (q->next == NULL)
 {
  if (q->x == food_1->x && q->y == food_1->y) //判断蛇身是否与食物重合
  {
   free(food_1);
   createFood();
  }
  q = q->next;
 }
 Pos(food_1->x, food_1->y);
 food = food_1;
 printf("■");
}

void cantCrossWall()//不能穿墙
{
 if (head->x == 0 || head->x == 56 || head->y == 0 || head->y == 26)
 {
  endGamestatus = 1;
  endGame();
 }
}

void snakeMove()//蛇前进,上U,下D,左L,右R
{
 snake * nexthead;
 cantCrossWall();

 nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
 if (status == U)
 {
  nexthead->x = head->x;
  nexthead->y = head->y - 1;
  if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y)//如果下一个有食物//
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   score = score + add;
   createFood();
  }
  else            //如果没有食物//
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q->next->next != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
   printf(" ");
   free(q->next);
   q->next = NULL;
  }
 }
 if (status == D)
 {
  nexthead->x = head->x;
  nexthead->y = head->y + 1;
  if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y) //有食物
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   score = score + add;
   createFood();
  }
  else        //没有食物
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q->next->next != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
   printf(" ");
   free(q->next);
   q->next = NULL;
  }
 }
 if (status == L)
 {
  nexthead->x = head->x - 2;
  nexthead->y = head->y;
  if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y)//有食物
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   score = score + add;
   createFood();
  }
  else        //没有食物
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q->next->next != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
   printf(" ");
   free(q->next);
   q->next = NULL;
  }
 }
 if (status == R)
 {
  nexthead->x = head->x + 2;
  nexthead->y = head->y;
  if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y)//有食物
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   score = score + add;
   createFood();
  }
  else           //没有食物
  {
   nexthead->next = head;
   head = nexthead;
   q = head;
   while (q->next->next != NULL)
   {
    Pos(q->x, q->y);
    printf("■");
    q = q->next;
   }
   Pos(q->next->x, q->next->y);
   printf(" ");
   free(q->next);
   q->next = NULL;
  }
 }
 if (biteSelf() == 1)  //判断是否会咬到自己
 {
  endGamestatus = 2;
  endGame();
 }
}

void pause()//暂停
{
 while (1)
 {
  Sleep(300);
  if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
  {
   break;
  }

 }
}

void runGame()//控制游戏  
{

 Pos(64, 15);
 printf("不能穿墙，不能咬到自己\n");
 Pos(64, 16);
 printf("用↑.↓.←.→分别控制蛇的移动.");
 Pos(64, 17);
 printf("F1 为加速，F2 为减速\n");
 Pos(64, 18);
 printf("ESC ：退出游戏.space：暂停游戏.");
 Pos(64, 20);
 printf("C语言研究中心 www.clang.cc");
 status = R;
 while (1)
 {
  Pos(64, 10);
  printf("得分：%d ", score);
  Pos(64, 11);
  printf("每个食物得分：%d分", add);
  if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && status != D)
  {
   status = U;
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && status != U)
  {
   status = D;
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && status != R)
  {
   status = L;
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && status != L)
  {
   status = R;
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
  {
   pause();
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
  {
   endGamestatus = 3;
   break;
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1))
  {
   if (sleeptime >= 50)
   {
    sleeptime = sleeptime - 30;
    add = add + 2;
    if (sleeptime == 320)
    {
     add = 2;//防止减到1之后再加回来有错
    }
   }
  }
  else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2))
  {
   if (sleeptime<350)
   {
    sleeptime = sleeptime + 30;
    add = add - 2;
    if (sleeptime == 350)
    {
     add = 1; //保证最低分为1
    }
   }
  }
  Sleep(sleeptime);
  snakeMove();
 }
}

void initGame()//开始界面
{
 Pos(40, 12);

 system("title C语言研究中心 www.clang.cc");
 printf("欢迎来到贪食蛇游戏！");
 Pos(40, 25);
 printf("    C语言研究中心 www.clang.cc.\n");
 system("pause");
 system("cls");
 Pos(25, 12);
 printf("用↑.↓.←.→分别控制蛇的移动， F1 为加速，2 为减速\n");
 Pos(25, 13);
 printf("加速将能得到更高的分数。\n");
 system("pause");
 system("cls");
}

void endGame()//结束游戏
{

 system("cls");
 Pos(24, 12);
 if (endGamestatus == 1)
 {
  printf("对不起，您撞到墙了。游戏结束.");
 }
 else if (endGamestatus == 2)
 {
  printf("对不起，您咬到自己了。游戏结束.");
 }
 else if (endGamestatus == 3)
 {
  printf("您的已经结束了游戏。");
 }
 Pos(24, 13);
 printf("您的得分是%d\n", score);
 while (getchar() != 'y')
 { 
  printf("close?[y]");
 }
 exit(0);
}

void gameStart()//游戏初始化
{
 system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
 initGame();
 creatMap();
 initSnake();
 createFood();
}

int main()
{
 gameStart();
 runGame();
 endGame();
 return 0;
}

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