C#数据结构之堆栈(Stack)实例详解

本文实例讲述了C#数据结构之堆栈(Stack)。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

堆栈(Stack)最明显的特征就是“先进后出”，本质上讲堆栈也是一种线性结构，符合线性结构的基本特点：即每个节点有且只有一个前驱节点和一个后续节点。

相对前面学习过的顺序表、链表不同的地方在于：Stack把所有操作限制在"只能在线性结构的某一端"进行，而不能在中间插入或删除元素。下面是示意图：

从示意图中可以看出，堆栈有二种实现方式：基于数组的顺序堆栈实现、类似链表的链式堆栈实现

先抽象堆栈的接口IStack:

namespace 栈与队列
{
  public interface IStack<T>
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// 返回堆栈的实际元素个数
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    int Count();
    /// <summary>
    /// 判断堆栈是否为空
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    bool IsEmpty();
    /// <summary>
    /// 清空堆栈里的元素
    /// </summary>
    void Clear();
    /// <summary>
    /// 入栈：将元素压入堆栈中
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item"></param>
    void Push(T item);
    /// <summary>
    /// 出栈：从堆栈顶取一个元素，并从堆栈中删除
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    T Pop();
    /// <summary>
    /// 取堆栈顶部的元素(但不删除)
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    T Peek();
  }
}

顺序堆栈(SeqStack)的实现：

using System;
using System.Text;
namespace 栈与队列
{
  public class SeqStack<T>:IStack<T>
  {
    private int maxsize;
    private T[] data;
    private int top;    
    public SeqStack(int size) 
    {
      data = new T[size];
      maxsize = size;
      top = -1;
    }
    #region //接口实现部分
    public int Count() 
    {
      return top + 1;
    }
    public void Clear() 
    {
      top = -1;
    }
    public bool IsEmpty() 
    {
      return top == -1;
    }
    public void Push(T item)
    {
      if (IsFull())
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Stack is full");
        return;
      }
      data[++top] = item;
    }
    public T Pop()
    {
      T tmp = default(T);
      if (IsEmpty())
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty");
        return tmp;
      }
      tmp = data[top];
      top--;
      return tmp;
    }
    public T Peek()
    {
      if (IsEmpty())
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty!");
        return default(T);
      }
      return data[top];
    }
    #endregion
    public bool IsFull() 
    {
      return top == maxsize - 1;
    }
    public override string ToString()
    {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      for (int i = top;i>=0;i--)
      {
        sb.Append(data[i] + ",");
      }
      return sb.ToString().Trim(',');
    }    
  }
}

链式堆栈(LinkStack)的实现

先定义节点Node.cs

namespace 栈与队列
{
  public class Node<T>
  {
    private T data;
    private Node<T> next;
    public Node(T data, Node<T> next) 
    {
      this.data = data;
      this.next = next;
    }
    public Node(Node<T> next) 
    {
      this.next = next;
      this.data = default(T);
    }
    public Node(T data) 
    {
      this.data = data;
      this.next = null;
    }
    public Node() 
    {
      this.data = default(T);
      this.next = null;
    }
    public T Data {
      get { return this.data; }
      set { this.data = value; }
    }
    public Node<T> Next 
    {
      get { return next; }
      set { next = value; }
    }
  }
}

下面是LinkStack.cs

using System;
using System.Text;
namespace 栈与队列
{
  public class LinkStack<T>:IStack<T>
  {
    private Node<T> top;
    private int num;//节点个数
    /// <summary>
    /// 顶部节点
    /// </summary>
    public Node<T> Top 
    {
      get { return top; }
      set { top = value; }
    }
    public LinkStack() 
    {
      top = null;
      num = 0;
    }
    public int Count() 
    {
      return num;
    }
    public void Clear() 
    {
      top = null;
      num = 0;
    }
    public bool IsEmpty() 
    {
      if (top == null && num == 0)
      {
        return true;
      }
      else
      {
        return false;
      }
    }
    public void Push(T item) 
    {
      Node<T> q = new Node<T>(item);
      if (top == null)
      {
        top = q;
      }
      else
      {
        q.Next = top;
        top = q;
      }
      num++;
    }
    public T Pop() 
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty!");
        return default(T);
      }
      Node<T> p = top;
      top = top.Next;
      num--;
      return p.Data;
    }
    public T Peek() 
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty!");
        return default(T);
      }
      return top.Data;
    }
    public override string ToString()
    {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      if (top != null) 
      {
        sb.Append(top.Data.ToString() + ",");
        Node<T> p = top;
        while (p.Next != null)
        {          
          sb.Append(p.Next.Data.ToString()+ ",");
          p = p.Next;
        }
      }
      return sb.ToString();
    }
  }
}

测试代码片段：

Console.WriteLine("顺序堆栈测试开始...");
SeqStack<int> seqStack = new SeqStack<int>(10);
seqStack.Push(1);
seqStack.Push(2);
seqStack.Push(3);
Console.WriteLine(seqStack);
Console.WriteLine(seqStack.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(seqStack);
Console.WriteLine(seqStack.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(seqStack);
Console.WriteLine("链堆栈测试开始...");
LinkStack<int> linkStack = new LinkStack<int>();
linkStack.Push(1);
linkStack.Push(2);
linkStack.Push(3);
Console.WriteLine(linkStack);
Console.WriteLine(linkStack.Peek());
Console.WriteLine(linkStack);
Console.WriteLine(linkStack.Pop());
Console.WriteLine(linkStack);
Console.ReadLine();

注： .Net中System.Collections.Generic.Stack<T>已经提供了堆栈的基本实现，明白原理后，仍然推荐大家使用内置的实现。

希望本文所述对大家C#程序设计有所帮助。