java发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程的简单实例

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2023-03-14

本文向大家介绍java发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程的简单实例，包括了java发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程的简单实例的使用技巧和注意事项，需要的朋友参考一下

一.

1、写一个HttpRequestUtils工具类，包括post请求和get请求

package com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient; 
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; 
import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URLDecoder; public class HttpRequestUtils {  
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils.class);  
//日志记录   /**   * httpPost   * @param url 路径   * @param jsonParam 参数   * @return   */  
public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){    
return httpPost(url, jsonParam, false);  
}   
/**   * post请求   * @param url     url地址   * @param jsonParam   参数   * @param noNeedResponse  不需要返回结果   * @return   */  
public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam, boolean noNeedResponse){    
//post请求返回结果    
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();    
JSONObject jsonResult = null;    
HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url);    
try {      
if (null != jsonParam) {        
//解决中文乱码问题        
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");        
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");        
entity.setContentType("application/json");        
method.setEntity(entity);      }      
HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);      
url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");      
/**请求发送成功，并得到响应**/      
if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {        
String str = "";        
try {          
/**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/          
str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());          
if (noNeedResponse) {            
return null;          
}          
/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/          
jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);        
} catch (Exception e) {          
logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);        
}      
}    
} catch (IOException e) {      
logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);    
}    
return jsonResult;  
}   
/**   * 发送get请求   * @param url  路径   * @return   */  
public static JSONObject httpGet(String url){    
//get请求返回结果    
JSONObject jsonResult = null;    
try {      
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();      
//发送get请求      
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);      
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);       
/**请求发送成功，并得到响应**/      
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {        
/**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/        
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());        
/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/        
jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);        
url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");      
} else {        
logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url);      
}    
} catch (IOException e) {      
logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url, e);    
}    
return jsonResult;  }}

2、写业务代码发送Http请求

3、MVC配置文件设置Controller扫描目录

<!-- 自动扫描且只扫描@Controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wiselong.multichannel" use-default-filters="false">  
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>

4、接收Http请求

接收post请求

@Controller

@RequestMapping(value = "/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo")

public class ExceptionInfoController {

//注入

@Autowired

private ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz;



/**

* 创建异常信息请求

* @param requestBody 请求消息内容

* @param request 请求消息头

* @return jsonObject

*/

@RequestMapping(

value="/create",

method = RequestMethod.POST

)

public ModelAndView createExceptionInfo(@RequestBody String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) {

JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);

ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo = new ComExceptionInfo();

comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString("projectName"));

comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString("tagName"));

exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo);

//返回请求结果

JSONObject result= new JSONObject();

result.put("success", "true");

return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString()));

}

}

接收get请求

@Controller

@RequestMapping(value="/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms")

public class SmsController {

@Autowired

SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz;



/**

* 接收手机号码和内容往短信发送表插入一条记录

* @param requestbody 请求消息内容

* @param request 请求消息头

* @return jsonObject

*/

@RequestMapping(

value="/send",

method= RequestMethod.GET

)

public ModelAndView sendSms(@RequestBody String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) {

//获取请求URL及url后面传输的参数

String url = request.getRequestURL() + "?" + request.getQueryString();

url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url);

String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "telePhone");

String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "content");

smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content);

return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult("", true));

}

}

二.

get

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;



import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;



public class H_client_get {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// new类对象

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

// 使用 GET 方法 与URL服务器进行交互

// HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/regist.php?email=admin@admin.com&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname=管理员");

HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username=");

// 使用 GET 方法 ，实行与url服务器连接

client.executeMethod(method);

// 数据流输出

// method.getResponseBodyAsStream 创建字节流对象为inputStream

InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();

// InputStreamReader(inputStream)字节流转换成字符流 BufferedReader封装成带有缓冲的字符流对象了 

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"));

// StringBuffer是字符串变量，它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 创建一个空的StringBuffer类的对象 

StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

// 定义字符串常量

String str= "";

// br字符流赋值给str字符串常量 str不等于空 按行输出

while((str = br.readLine()) != null){ 

// StringBuffer 是字符串变量，它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 将str数据赋予 stringBuffer 

stringBuffer .append(str ); 

} 

// 按照字符串循环输出stringBuffer

System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());

// 关闭method 的 httpclient连接

method.releaseConnection();

}

}

post

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;



import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;



public class H_client_post {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

PostMethod method = new PostMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php");

//表单域的值,既post传入的key=value

NameValuePair[] date = { new NameValuePair("username","admin"),new NameValuePair("password","123457")};

//method使用表单阈值

method.setRequestBody(date);

//提交表单

client.executeMethod(method);

//字符流转字节流 循环输出，同get解释

InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"));

StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

String str= "";

while((str = br.readLine()) != null){ 

stringBuffer .append(str ); 

} 

System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());

method.releaseConnection();

}

}

三.

Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了，HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection，增加了易用性和灵活性（具体区别，日后我们再讨论），它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易，而且也方便了开发人员测试接口（基于Http协议的），即提高了开发的效率，也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容，掌握HttpClient后，相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。

一、简介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

二、特性

1. 基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1

2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。

3. 支持HTTPS协议。

4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。

5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。

6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。

7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。

8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。

9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。

10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。

11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。

12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。

13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。

14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。

15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。

16. 设置连接超时的能力。

17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。

18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

三、使用方法

使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

四、实例

package com.test; 

import java.io.File; 

import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 
import java.security.KeyManagementException; 
import java.security.KeyStore; 
import java.security.KeyStoreException; 
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; 
import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.ParseException; 
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; 
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; 
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; 
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; 
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; 
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; 
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; 
import org.junit.Test; 
public class HttpClientTest { 
  @Test 
  public void jUnitTest() { 
    get(); 
  } 
  /** 
   * HttpClient连接SSL 
   */ 
  public void ssl() { 
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; 
    try { 
      KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
      FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore")); 
      try { 54.
        // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore  
        trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray()); 
      } catch (CertificateException e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
        try { 
          instream.close(); 
        } catch (Exception ignore) { 
        } 
      } 
      // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书 
      SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(); 
      // 只允许使用TLSv1协议 
      SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, 
          SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
      httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); 
      // 创建http请求(get方式) 
      HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
      System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine()); 
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 
      try { 
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 
        System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
        if (entity != null) { 
          System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 
          System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 
          EntityUtils.consume(entity); 
        } 
      } finally { 
        response.close(); 
      } 
    } catch (ParseException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (KeyManagementException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (KeyStoreException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } finally { 
      if (httpclient != null) { 
        try { 
          httpclient.close(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
          e.printStackTrace(); 
		  
        } 
      } 
    } 
  } 

  /** 
   * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 
   */ 
  public void postForm() { 
    // 创建默认的httpClient实例.  
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
    // 创建httppost  
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
    // 创建参数队列  
    List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); 
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); 

    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); 

    UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 

    try { 

      uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 

      httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 

      System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 

      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 

      try { 

        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 

        if (entity != null) { 

          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 

          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 

          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 

        } 

      } finally { 

        response.close(); 

      } 

    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 
	  

    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 

      e1.printStackTrace(); 

    } catch (IOException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } finally { 

      // 关闭连接,释放资源  

      try { 

        httpclient.close(); 

      } catch (IOException e) { 

        e.printStackTrace(); 

      } 

    } 

  } 
  /** 
   * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 
   */ 

  public void post() { 

    // 创建默认的httpClient实例.  

    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 

    // 创建httppost  

    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 

    // 创建参数队列  

    List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); 

    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house")); 

    UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 

    try { 

      uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 
      httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 
      System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
      try { 
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 

        if (entity != null) { 

          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 

          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 

          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 

        } 

      } finally { 

        response.close(); 

      } 

    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 

      e1.printStackTrace(); 

    } catch (IOException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } finally { 

      // 关闭连接,释放资源  

      try { 

        httpclient.close(); 

      } catch (IOException e) { 

        e.printStackTrace(); 

      } 

    } 

  } 

  /** 

   * 发送 get请求 
   */ 

  public void get() { 

    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 

    try { 

      // 创建httpget.  

      HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); 

      System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); 

      // 执行get请求.  

      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 

      try { 

        // 获取响应实体  
		

        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 

        System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 

        // 打印响应状态  

        System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 

        if (entity != null) { 

          // 打印响应内容长度  

          System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 

          // 打印响应内容  

          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 

        } 

        System.out.println("------------------------------------"); 

      } finally { 

        response.close(); 

      } 

    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } catch (ParseException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } catch (IOException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } finally { 

      // 关闭连接,释放资源  

      try { 

        httpclient.close(); 

      } catch (IOException e) { 

        e.printStackTrace(); 

      } 

    } 

  } 


  /** 
   * 上传文件 

   */ 

  public void upload() { 

    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 

    try { 

      HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); 

      FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg")); 

      StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); 

      HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); 

      httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); 

      System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); 

      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 

      try { 

        System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 

        System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 

        HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 

        if (resEntity != null) { 

          System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); 

        } 

        EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); 

      } finally { 

        response.close(); 

      } 

    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } catch (IOException e) { 

      e.printStackTrace(); 

    } finally { 

      try { 

        httpclient.close(); 

      } catch (IOException e) { 

        e.printStackTrace(); 

      } 

    } 

  } 

}</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>

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java发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程的简单实例

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