Python文档生成工具pydoc使用介绍

在Python中有很多很好的工具来生成字符串文档(docstring)，比如说: epydoc、doxygen、sphinx，但始终觉得pydoc还是不错的工具，用法非常简单，功能也算不错，本文主要介绍pydoc.
pydoc是Python自带的模块，主要用于从python模块中自动生成文档，这些文档可以基于文本呈现的、也可以生成WEB 页面的，还可以在服务器上以浏览器的方式呈现！
【用法】

Windows下:

D:\>python -m pydoc <modulename>   # 比如说: python -m pydoc math    

-m参数:Python以脚本的方法运行模块

Linux/Unix下:

$ pydoc <modulename>               # 比如说: pydoc   

【帮助】

$ pydoc -h  

pydoc - the Python documentation tool  

  

  

pydoc <name> ...  

    Show text documentation on something.  <name> may be the name of a  

    Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted  

    reference to a class or function within a module or module in a  

    package.  If <name> contains a '/', it is used as the path to a  

    Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics',  

    or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed.  

  

  

pydoc -k <keyword>  

    Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.  

  

  

pydoc -p <port>  

    Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine.  

  

  

pydoc -w <name> ...  

    Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current  

    directory.  If <name> contains a '/', it is treated as a filename; if  

    it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents.  

【参数 -p】在本地机器上，按照给定的端口启动HTTP，

D:\>python -m pydoc -p 1234 #比如说: 端口为1234

pydoc server ready at http://localhost:1234/

pydoc server stopped

在IE中输入:http://localhost:1234/，效果如图:

【参数 -k】在所有可用的模块中按关键字搜索

$ pydoc -k xml.sax  

xml.sax (package) - Simple API for XML (SAX) implementation for Python.  

xml.sax._exceptions - Different kinds of SAX Exceptions  

xml.sax.expatreader - SAX driver for the pyexpat C module.  This driver works with  

xml.sax.handler - This module contains the core classes of version  2.0 of SAX for Python.  

xml.sax.saxutils - A library of useful helper classes to the SAX classes, for the  

xml.sax.xmlreader - An XML Reader is the SAX 2 name for an XML parser. XML Parsers  

【参数 -w】将指定模块的文本字符串生成HTML格式
比如说，在Window下面，执行下面命令:

D:\Learn\Python>python -m pydoc math -w math.html  # math是模块名，-w:写 

那么在D:\Learn\Python目录下会生成math.html文件，显示如下:

因为是自带的模块，所以右上角显示(built-in)字样
【例子】自写的模块my_doc.py

''''' 

Showoff features of Pydoc module 

This is easy module to demonstrate docstrings 

'''  

__authors__  = 'Alice & Fred'  

__version__  = 'version 1.10'  

__license__  = 'Copyright...'  

  

class MyClass:  

    ''''' 

    Demonstrate Class Docstrings 

     

    '''  

    def __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2):  

        ''''' 

        Set the default attributevalues only 

        Keyword arguments: 

        spam - a processed meat product 

        eggs - a fine breakfast for lumberjacks 

        '''  

        self.spam = spam  

        self.eggs = eggs  

  

def square(x):  

    ''''' 

    Square of the param <x> 

    '''  

    return x * x  

执行命令:

D:\Learn\Python> python -m pydoc my_doc 

执行结果:

Help on module my_doc:  

  

NAME  

    my_doc  

  

FILE  

    d:\learn\python\my_doc.py  

  

DESCRIPTION  

    Showoff features of Pydoc module  

    This is easy module to demonstrate docstrings  

  

CLASSES  

    MyClass  

  

    class MyClass  

     |  Demonstrate Class Docstrings  

     |  

     |  Methods defined here:  

     |  

     |  __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2)  

     |      Set the default attributevalues only  

     |      Keyword arguments:  

     |      spam - a processed meat product  

     |      eggs - a fine breakfast for lumberjacks  

  

FUNCTIONS  

    square(x)  

        Square of the param <x>  

          

DATA  

    __authors__ = 'Alice & Fred'  

    __license__ = 'Copyright...'  

    __version__ = 'version 1.10'  

  

VERSION  

    version 1.10  

执行命令:

d:\Learn\Python>python -m pydoc -w my_doc my_doc.html  

wrote my_doc.html  

no Python documentation found for 'my_doc.html'  

执行结果: