前端 - 无法通过 nodesource/distributions 在 ubuntu22 上安装 nodejs16/18/20?

Question

参考：https://github.com/nodesource/distributions

docker pull ubuntu:22.04       

docker run --rm -it ubuntu:22.04 bash                      

apt-get updateapt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupgmkdir -p /etc/apt/keyringscurl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpgNODE_MAJOR=16; echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.listapt-get updateapt-get install nodejs npm -y      

报错

137 added, 0 removed; done.Setting up gpg-wks-server (2.2.27-3ubuntu2.1) ...Setting up libcurl4:amd64 (7.81.0-1ubuntu1.13) ...Setting up curl (7.81.0-1ubuntu1.13) ...Setting up gpg-wks-client (2.2.27-3ubuntu2.1) ...Setting up gnupg (2.2.27-3ubuntu2.1) ...Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20230311ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...0 added, 0 removed; done.Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...done.deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_16.x nodistro mainHit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease                                          Hit:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease                                  Get:3 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_16.x nodistro InRelease [12.1 kB]Hit:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease               Get:5 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_16.x nodistro/main amd64 Packages [7253 B]Hit:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InReleaseFetched 19.4 kB in 6s (3210 B/s)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Reading package lists... DoneReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree... DoneReading state information... DoneSome packages could not be installed. This may mean that you haverequested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstabledistribution that some required packages have not yet been createdor been moved out of Incoming.The following information may help to resolve the situation:The following packages have unmet dependencies: nodejs : Conflicts: npm npm : Depends: node-cacache but it is not going to be installed       Depends: node-gyp but it is not going to be installed       Depends: node-mkdirp but it is not going to be installed       Depends: node-nopt but it is not going to be installed       Depends: node-tar but it is not going to be installed       Depends: node-which but it is not going to be installed       Depends: nodejs:any (>= 10)       Recommends: git but it is not going to be installed       Recommends: node-tap but it is not going to be installedE: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Answer 1

nodejs这个包里面已经有npm了。

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npm这个包，ubuntu默认的仓库里面默认就有，这个包和nodesource仓库里面冲突应该不算意外。

Answer 2

这个问题是关于在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装 Node.js 的，但在尝试安装时遇到了依赖问题。从错误信息来看，npm 有一些未满足的依赖项，同时 nodejs 和 npm 之间也存在冲突。

以下是我建议的解决方案：

1. 首先，我建议你尝试使用 apt 的在线搜索和安装功能来找到并安装这些缺失的依赖。例如，你可以运行以下命令来查找 node-gyp：

apt-cache search node-gyp

然后，你可以根据返回的结果手动安装这些包。例如，如果你发现 node-gyp 在 build-essential 包中，你可以运行以下命令来安装它：

apt-get install -y build-essential

重复这个过程，直到你安装了所有 npm 的依赖项。

2. 另一种可能的解决方案是尝试使用 nvm（Node Version Manager）来安装和管理 Node.js。nvm 可以帮助你在同一系统上安装和管理多个版本的 Node.js，这可能有助于解决你的问题。以下是安装和使用 nvm 的基本步骤：

bash < <(curl -sL install.nvm.sh)nvm install node

这将安装 nvm 并使用它来安装 Node.js。

3. 如果上述方法都不能解决你的问题，你可能需要考虑使用不同的 Linux 发行版，如 Ubuntu 20.04 或 21.04，这些版本可能更适合安装 Node.js。你也可以考虑使用 Docker 或其他容器技术来为你的应用程序创建一个独立的环境。

希望这些建议能帮助你解决问题！