如何删除pyqgis中除某些特定图层之外的所有图层？

Question

我需要为我的QGIS项目加载几个矢量层，这样我就可以在每个层中测试我的脚本的每个功能。然而，最后我想只做一两层兴趣，而放弃其他的，所以我想自动做。

我用一些层成功地做到了这一点，但有一层给我带来了问题，我还没有弄清楚原因。

这里有一些代码：

加载层（几乎可以肯定，这不是问题）：

a2 = iface.addVectorLayer(path + ardida2, "", "ogr")
if not a2:
  print("Layer failed to load!")
  
a3 = iface.addVectorLayer(path + ardida3, "", "ogr")
if not a3:
  print("Layer failed to load!")

现在，我创建了这个函数来删除所有加载的层，除了我想使用的层。打印出了，这仅仅是因为我试图理解这个问题。

def RemoveAllLayersExcept(*layers):
    layer_ids = []
    for l in layers:
        layer_ids.append(l.id())
    print('layer_ids', layer_ids)
    for lyr in QgsProject.instance().mapLayers():
        print(lyr)
        if lyr not in layer_ids:
            print('not')
            QgsProject.instance().removeMapLayer(lyr)
        else:
            pass

然后，我创建了一个新的层-一个给我带来问题的层。我需要在以后的迭代过程中编辑此层。我遵循了OpenSourceOptions教程中一个名为PyQGIS:创建形状文件的分步示例：

# OPENSOURCEOPTIONS TUTORIAL - PYQGIS: Create a Shapefile

# create fields
layerFields = QgsFields()
layerFields.append(QgsField('ID', QVariant.Int))
layerFields.append(QgsField('Value', QVariant.Double))
layerFields.append(QgsField('Name', QVariant.String))

# Now define the file path for the new shapefile
# Note: the CRS used here is NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11 N

fn = 'D:/Sara/Trabalho/QGIS/pnogas/fireball_points.shp'
writer = QgsVectorFileWriter(fn, 'UTF-8', layerFields, QgsWkbTypes.Point,QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem('EPSG:26912'), 'ESRI Shapefile')

# For each feature we need to set the geometry (in this case a point)
# set the attribute values, then add it to the vector layer. 
feat = QgsFeature() # create an empty QgsFeature()
feat.setGeometry(QgsGeometry.fromPointXY(QgsPointXY(cx14, cy14)))   # create a point and use it to set the feature geometry
feat.setAttributes([1, 1.1, 'one']) # set the attribute values
writer.addFeature(feat) # add the feature to the layer

layer_fireball = iface.addVectorLayer(fn, '', 'ogr')
if not layer_fireball:
  print("Layer failed to load!")
del(writer)

然后我移除了我不感兴趣的图层：

RemoveAllLayersExcept(layer, layer_fireball)

这就是了。当我第一次运行程序时，什么都没发生。我得到的是：

layer_ids ['COS2018_ardida2018_3_clip_cbf56f4b_e668_4c2e_9259_7d22d5943097', 'fireball_points_f92b32e0_f8bf_42c1_95e6_b317ddf6ee84']
COS2018_ardida2018_2_clip_45b241c4_fb9b_4654_9916_5ff08514c559
not
COS2018_ardida2018_3_clip_cbf56f4b_e668_4c2e_9259_7d22d5943097
fireball_points_f92b32e0_f8bf_42c1_95e6_b317ddf6ee84

这和我所期望的是一致的。但是在第二次和第n次，我得到：

Layer failed to load!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\PROGRA~1\QGIS3~1.10\apps\Python37\lib\code.py", line 90, in runcode
    exec(code, self.locals)
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 676, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 104, in RemoveAllLayersExcept
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'id'

你能发现问题出在哪里吗？为什么会出现这种错误？为什么它只发生在第二次跑步之后？

谢谢

Answer 1

更改RemoveAllLayersExcept方法，如下所示：

def RemoveAllLayersExcept(*keep_layers):
    layers = QgsProject.instance().mapLayers().values()
    will_be_deleted = [l for l in layers if l not in keep_layers]

    for layer in will_be_deleted:
        QgsProject.instance().removeMapLayer(layer)