登录
当前位置： 首页 > 知识库问答 >
问题：

如何在Python中使用硒完全关闭标签？

金瑞
2023-03-14

我正在尝试使用Selenium进行web抓取，我打开了一些选项卡以获取一些信息，但希望关闭这些选项卡。如果我不这样做，我会在代码运行完成时打开很多选项卡。我尝试切换到要关闭的选项卡，然后尝试通过执行以下操作关闭它：

browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()

当我运行程序时，标签保持打开状态，URL通常在哪里，上面写着“about:blank”。是否有一种方法可以完全关闭此选项卡，同时保持所有其他选项卡处于打开状态？下面是完整的代码供参考。

from selenium import webdriver
import os
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import xlsxwriter
from datetime import datetime
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException


trade_date_lim = "5/1/2021"


chrome_driver = os.path.abspath('C:/Users/ross/Desktop/chromedriver.exe')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver)


#makes workbook to write to
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('reit_bonds_test.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()


stocks = ["PNW", "STWD"]

for stock in stocks:
    browser.get('https://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp')
    wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
    #using clicks and send_keys, gets the bond page for a desired stock
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                                           '#TabContainer > div > div.rtq-tab-wrap > div.rtq-tab-menus-wrap > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a > span'))).click()
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#firscreener-cusip'))).send_keys(stock)
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                                           "#ms-finra-advanced-search-form > div.ms-finra-advanced-search-btn > input:nth-child(2)"))).click()
    try:
        wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-agreement > input"))).click()
    except TimeoutException:
        pass

    #clicks to sort by earliest date, clicks again to sort by latest maturity
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
    time.sleep(5)
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
    time.sleep(5)
    #gathers all bond offerings on first page
    whole_chart = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll"))).text

    #gets number of bonds listed on page so we can iterate through them. Some pages have differing number of bonds listed. Most on page is 20
    parent = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="ms-finra-search-results"]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div')
    count_divs = len(parent.find_elements_by_xpath("./div"))

    bnd_off_cnt = 1
    row_num = 0
    while row_num < count_divs and bnd_off_cnt < 3:

        #gets values that I'm looking for
        symbol = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(3)"))).text
        maturity = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(7)"))).text
        moody_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(8)"))).text
        sandp_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(9)"))).text
        stated_bond_yield = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(11)"))).text

        #looks to see if all values are non-empty and if moody rating and sandp rating are not equal to 'WR' and 'NR'
        if symbol.strip() and maturity.strip() and moody_rating.strip() and sandp_rating.strip() and stated_bond_yield.strip() and moody_rating != "WR" and sandp_rating != "NR":
            #bond detail page below
            element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(2) > div > a")))
            element_link = element.get_attribute('href') #gets the link

            #opens window, switches to it and opens the bond detail page
            browser.execute_script("window.open('');")
            time.sleep(3)
            browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
            browser.get(element_link)

            #switch to iframe on second page and clicks it
            wait.until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.ID, "ms-bond-detail-iframe")))
            wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#tradeHistory_link"))).click()
            #switches to third page
            browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[-1])
            #sleeps for 3 seconds so we know for sure that we are working on right page
            time.sleep(3)


            # get length of table on trades page and iterate through them trying to find the most recent "Trade" status
            bond_trades = wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr")))
            count = len(bond_trades)


            for trade in range(count):

                bond_trade_status = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(4) > div"))).text
                if bond_trade_status == "Trade":
                    bond_last_traded = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(1) > div"))).text
                    if bond_last_traded > trade_date_lim:
                        #prior bond yields occasionally don't match the yield that it was last traded at
                        bond_yield = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(7) > div"))).text
                        print(symbol, maturity, bond_yield)
                        bnd_off_cnt += 1
                        break
                    else:
                        continue
                    #test for if we are within X amount of time from today
                    #continue if we are more than that amount of time
                    #exit if we are within time frame and get 'Yield'
                else:
                    continue
            browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
            browser.close()
            browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
        row_num += 1

感谢您的帮助！

罗斯

共有3个答案

薛修能
2023-03-14

我会在评论中发布它，但是代码部分太大了。我想你有压痕问题。检查的位置：

browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])

它被移动到外环。结果是一样的，打开的选项卡少得多（在我的机器上尝试过）。

from selenium import webdriver
import os
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import xlsxwriter
from datetime import datetime
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException


trade_date_lim = "5/1/2021"


chrome_driver = os.path.abspath('C:/Users/ross/Desktop/chromedriver.exe')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver)


#makes workbook to write to
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('reit_bonds_test.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()


stocks = ["PNW", "STWD"]

for stock in stocks:
    browser.get('https://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp')
    wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
    #using clicks and send_keys, gets the bond page for a desired stock
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                                           '#TabContainer > div > div.rtq-tab-wrap > div.rtq-tab-menus-wrap > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a > span'))).click()
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#firscreener-cusip'))).send_keys(stock)
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                                           "#ms-finra-advanced-search-form > div.ms-finra-advanced-search-btn > input:nth-child(2)"))).click()
    try:
        wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-agreement > input"))).click()
    except TimeoutException:
        pass

    #clicks to sort by earliest date, clicks again to sort by latest maturity
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
    time.sleep(5)
    wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
    time.sleep(5)
    #gathers all bond offerings on first page
    whole_chart = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll"))).text

    #gets number of bonds listed on page so we can iterate through them. Some pages have differing number of bonds listed. Most on page is 20
    parent = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="ms-finra-search-results"]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div')
    count_divs = len(parent.find_elements_by_xpath("./div"))

    bnd_off_cnt = 1
    row_num = 0
    while row_num < count_divs and bnd_off_cnt < 3:

        #gets values that I'm looking for
        symbol = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(3)"))).text
        maturity = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(7)"))).text
        moody_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(8)"))).text
        sandp_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(9)"))).text
        stated_bond_yield = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(11)"))).text

        #looks to see if all values are non-empty and if moody rating and sandp rating are not equal to 'WR' and 'NR'
        if symbol.strip() and maturity.strip() and moody_rating.strip() and sandp_rating.strip() and stated_bond_yield.strip() and moody_rating != "WR" and sandp_rating != "NR":
            #bond detail page below
            element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(2) > div > a")))
            element_link = element.get_attribute('href') #gets the link

            #opens window, switches to it and opens the bond detail page
            browser.execute_script("window.open('');")
            time.sleep(3)
            browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
            browser.get(element_link)

            #switch to iframe on second page and clicks it
            wait.until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.ID, "ms-bond-detail-iframe")))
            wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#tradeHistory_link"))).click()
            #switches to third page
            browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[-1])
            #sleeps for 3 seconds so we know for sure that we are working on right page
            time.sleep(3)


            # get length of table on trades page and iterate through them trying to find the most recent "Trade" status
            bond_trades = wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr")))
            count = len(bond_trades)


            for trade in range(count):

                bond_trade_status = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(4) > div"))).text
                if bond_trade_status == "Trade":
                    bond_last_traded = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(1) > div"))).text
                    if bond_last_traded > trade_date_lim:
                        #prior bond yields occasionally don't match the yield that it was last traded at
                        bond_yield = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(7) > div"))).text
                        print(symbol, maturity, bond_yield)
                        bnd_off_cnt += 1
                        break
                    else:
                        continue
                    #test for if we are within X amount of time from today
                    #continue if we are more than that amount of time
                    #exit if we are within time frame and get 'Yield'
                else:
                    continue
        browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
        browser.close()
        browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
        row_num += 1

我没有太注意代码中的一些问题，因为它们不在问题中。

齐昊苍
2023-03-14

请尝试以下操作：

browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'w')
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])

首先切换到您希望关闭的窗口，然后用Controlw键关闭，最后跳转到初始窗口（tab）

施景同
2023-03-14

我认为问题不在于driver.close（）。当我运行你的代码时，当你调用driver.close（）时，有三个窗口打开。我还没有仔细研究你的代码来弄清楚每个窗口的确切来源，我想你更有能力做到这一点。但是driver.close（）完全关闭标签就好了，是你的代码把多余的标签留在那里。

我在您的驱动程序周围添加了这样的日志记录。关闭，显示每个循环都获得了一个额外的窗口句柄。

print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
print(browser.window_handles)

您可以从输出中看到窗口是如何累积的：

PNW5042752 09/15/2050 3.198
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-5A1FC1679F6C04AA88D09BA7B6568B53', 'CDwindow-DE838D1CED095EF7FEFF8DF3A3242829']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-DE838D1CED095EF7FEFF8DF3A3242829']
PNW4989897 05/15/2050 3.217
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-DE838D1CED095EF7FEFF8DF3A3242829', 'CDwindow-C7B7C24BC2C066C2D42F622ED58A982B', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-C7B7C24BC2C066C2D42F622ED58A982B', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-C7B7C24BC2C066C2D42F622ED58A982B', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B', 'CDwindow-D3732930FBE9AED7BA22171E4CAE0DCF', 'CDwindow-38527482E16607D629B8DBBA4598AC76']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B', 'CDwindow-D3732930FBE9AED7BA22171E4CAE0DCF', 'CDwindow-38527482E16607D629B8DBBA4598AC76']

解决方案：只需在测试结束时关闭两个浏览器选项卡，而不仅仅是一个。

browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[2])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
 类似资料：
  • 如何关闭新建的标签使用硒，铬驱动程序和python

    我正试图从一个网站上抓取数据，有一个url可以让我进入一个特定的页面，我们有一些项目的链接，如果我点击这些链接，它会在一个新的选项卡中打开，我可以从那里提取数据， 但是在提取数据之后，我想关闭选项卡返回主页并单击另一个链接。 我正在使用selenium和chrome web驱动程序。我尝试了以下代码： 如何关闭使用硒和python新建的标签？

  • 如何打开链接在新标签和关闭标签在硒3？

    Selenium 2：打开新选项卡中的链接并关闭选项卡 但是它打开了一个窗口而不是一个标签，我无法控制延迟。我用的是硒3。使用带有JAVA的Selenium WebDriver，我试图自动化一个功能，我必须打开一个新的选项卡，在那里执行一些操作，然后回到以前的选项卡（父选项卡）。用firefox做这件事最好的方法是什么？

  • 如何关闭登录硒？

    我的控制台被来自ChromeDriver和IEDriver的不想要的日志消息填满了。 我尝试过:但是不起作用。我尝试了的各种实现，但都不起作用。

  • 如何在不关闭整个程序的情况下完全关闭JPanel？

    我想关闭/终止/扔掉一个由一行代码创建的JPanel（因此它被完全终止，而不仅仅是隐藏并在后台作为

  • 如何使用adb或appium或任何命令行+Python完全关闭android应用程序

    我曾试图关闭android应用程序使用adb命令和appium服务器，但它是最小化应用程序，而不是关闭。我用下面的命令关闭。 adb shell am force-stop com.package.name 如果我尝试这个命令杀死进程，它会说，

  • 如何使用python关闭程序？

    问题内容： python是否可以关闭Windows应用程序（例如Firefox）？ 我知道如何启动一个应用程序，但是现在我需要知道如何关闭一个应用程序。 问题答案：

相关问答

如何使用adb或appium或任何命令行+Python完全关闭android应用程序如何完全卸载Ubuntu中的nodejs、npm和node[关闭]如何完全脱机使用Plotly/Dash（Python）？完全删除MySQL 5.7关闭]如何在ListView中使用JavaFX FilteredList？[关闭]

相关文章

如何在浏览器标签中检测关闭？JAVA-如何在硒中使用xpath如何正确关闭标签？如何在硒中使用Chrome WebDriver在python中下载文件？如何使用jquery在MVC中发布viewmodel [关闭]

相关阅读

Java 关闭钩子中船716所面经(已全部面完)阿里云不完全面经AOP完全注解开发AspectJPython闭包函数

相关工具

中文 Python标签云Demo仿微信【未完待续】《Python Cookbook》第三版中文版世界菜谱大全

相关文档

完全 BIOS 手册Kubernetes 完全教程TLS 完全指南Python 全栈ThinkPHP 5.1 完全开发手册
快捷导航： 新手教程 算法原理 架构设计 Java进阶 数据库进阶 大厂专栏 面试经验 编程笔记 编程问答 所有专题 文档资料 工具软件 电子书籍 小牛导航
在线工具： 房贷计算器 个税计算器 Linux命令查询 Json格式化 正则表达式 颜色转换 AES加解密 SHA1加密 MD5加密 毒鸡汤 字数统计 随机密码生成 进制转换 Base64编解码 励志句子
Copyright © 2019-2024 小牛知识库@xnip.cn. All Rights Reserved.