为什么在尝试对整个Spring批处理作业进行单元测试时会出现此错误？没有“org”类型的合格bean。springframework。一批果心“作业”可用

Question

我正在开发一个Spring Batch应用程序。直到现在，我才能对服务方法之类的东西进行单元测试（就像在每个Spring Boot应用程序中所做的那样）。

现在，我正试图遵循本教程，以便从单元测试类中测试整个作业（基本上，我想执行一个执行作业的测试方法）：https://www.baeldung.com/spring-batch-testing-job

这是我的JUnit测试类，在这种情况下工作正常，我可以正确地使用@SpringBootTest注释测试我的服务方法：

@SpringBootTest
@SpringBatchTest
class UpdateInfoBatchApplicationTests {
    
    @Autowired
    private NotaryService notaryService;
    
    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;
  
    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;
  
    @After
    public void cleanUp() {
    jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }
    
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("launcher")
    private JobLauncher jobLauncher;
    
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("updateNotaryDistrictsJob")
    private Job updateNotaryDistrictsJob;
    
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("updateNotaryListInfoJob")
    private Job updateNotaryListInfoJob;
    
    private JobParameters defaultJobParameters() {
    JobParametersBuilder paramsBuilder = new JobParametersBuilder();
    //paramsBuilder.addString("file.input", TEST_INPUT);
    //paramsBuilder.addString("file.output", TEST_OUTPUT);
    return paramsBuilder.toJobParameters();
   }
    
    @Test
    public void givenReferenceOutput_whenJobExecuted_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
    // when
    JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob(defaultJobParameters());
    JobInstance actualJobInstance = jobExecution.getJobInstance();
    ExitStatus actualJobExitStatus = jobExecution.getExitStatus();
    
    Assert.assertEquals(actualJobInstance.getJobName(), "updateNotaryDistrictsJob");
      
    // then
    //assertThat(actualJobInstance.getJobName(), is("updateNotaryDistrictsJob"));
    //assertThat(actualJobExitStatus.getExitCode(), is("COMPLETED"));
    //AssertFile.assertFileEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
    }

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println("TEST - contextLoads()");
    }
    
    @Test
    void getNotaryList() throws Exception {
    List<Notary> notaryList = this.notaryService.getNotaryList();
    System.out.println("notaryList size: " + notaryList);
    Assert.assertEquals("Notary List must be 5069", 5069, notaryList.size());
    }
    
    @Test
    void getNotaryDetails() throws Exception {
        NotaryDetails notaryDetails = this.notaryService.getNotaryDetails("089cy5Ra9zE%253D");
        System.out.println("notaryDetails: " + notaryDetails);
        Assert.assertEquals("Notary ID must be 089cy5Ra9zE%253D", "089cy5Ra9zE%253D", notaryDetails.getIdNotary());
    }
    
    @Test
    void getNotaryDistrictsList() throws Exception {
        List<NotaryDistrict> notaryDistrictsList = this.notaryService.getNotaryDistrictsList();
        System.out.println("notaryDistrictsList: " + notaryDistrictsList);
        
        Assert.assertEquals("Notary districts list lenght must be 91", 91, notaryDistrictsList.size());
        
        //ArrayList<NotaryDistrict>  notaryDistrictsListArrayList = new ArrayList<NotaryDistrict>(notaryDistrictsList);
        notaryDistrictsList.remove(0);
        Assert.assertEquals("Notary districts list lenght must now be 90", 90, notaryDistrictsList.size());
    }
    
    @Test
    void getNotaryDistrictDetails() throws Exception {
        NotaryDistrictDetails notaryDistrictDetails =  this.notaryService.getNotaryDistrictDetails("CG7drXn9fvA%253D");
        System.out.println("notaryDistrictDetails: " + notaryDistrictDetails.toString());
        
        Assert.assertEquals("Distretto must be: SCIACCA", "SCIACCA", notaryDistrictDetails.getDistretto());
    }
}

正如您在前面的代码中看到的，我首先注入我定义的两个作业对象：

@Autowired
@Qualifier("launcher")
private JobLauncher jobLauncher;

@Autowired
@Qualifier("updateNotaryDistrictsJob")
private Job updateNotaryDistrictsJob;

这些作业被定义为bean，进入配置Spring批处理作业和步骤的类，基本上我有以下两个bean：

@Bean("updateNotaryDistrictsJob")
public Job updateNotaryDistrictsListInfoJob(){
    return jobs.get("updateNotaryDistrictsListInfoJob")
            .incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer())
            .start(readNotaryDistrictsListStep())
            .build();
}

和

@Bean("updateNotaryListInfoJob")
public Job updateNotaryListInfoJob(){
    return jobs.get("updateNotaryListInfoJob")
            .incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer())
            .start(readNotaryListStep())
            .build();
}

然后在上一个测试类中有这个测试方法，它应该测试上一个updateNotary地区作业的整个流程：

@Test
public void givenReferenceOutput_whenJobExecuted_thenSuccess() throws Exception {
    // when
    JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob(defaultJobParameters());
    JobInstance actualJobInstance = jobExecution.getJobInstance();
    ExitStatus actualJobExitStatus = jobExecution.getExitStatus();
    
    Assert.assertEquals(actualJobInstance.getJobName(), "updateNotaryDistrictsJob");
}

问题是，以这种方式运行此测试方法时，我在堆栈跟踪中获得了此异常：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'jobLauncherTestUtils': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'setJob' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.batch.core.Job' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: updateNotaryDistrictsJob,updateNotaryListInfoJob
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.resolveMethodArguments(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:768) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:720) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:119) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1413) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:601) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:524) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:944) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918) ~[spring-context-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:754) ~[spring-boot-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:434) ~[spring-boot-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:338) ~[spring-boot-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:123) ~[spring-boot-test-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) ~[spring-test-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) ~[spring-test-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    ... 69 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.batch.core.Job' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: updateNotaryDistrictsJob,updateNotaryListInfoJob
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveNotUnique(DependencyDescriptor.java:220) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1358) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1300) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.resolveMethodArguments(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:760) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
    ... 88 common frames omitted

它似乎无法识别我的两个工作豆中必须使用什么。

为什么？怎么了？我错过了什么？如何尝试解决此问题？

Answer 1

SpringBatchTest提供的JobLauncherTestUtils期望测试上下文中只有一个类型为Job的bean。这也记录在注释的java文档中。

如果您使用SpringBootTest和完整组件扫描，以便拾取多个作业bean，那么SpringBatchTest无法立即运行。

最简单的解决方案可能是删除SpringBatchTest，并使用jobLauncher启动作业。或者，您可以将测试拆分为多个测试类，并分别使用仅包含单个作业bean的测试上下文。