SSL： Python3CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED

Question

如果这是一个愚蠢的问题，我很抱歉，但是我一直在努力教自己如何使用美丽的汤，这样我就可以创建一些项目。

我按照这个链接作为教程：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GzVNi0oTxQ

在遵循与他完全相同的代码后，这是我得到的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1240, in do_open
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1083, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1128, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1079, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 911, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 854, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1237, in connect
server_hostname=server_hostname)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 376, in wrap_socket
_context=self)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 747, in __init__
self.do_handshake()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 983, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 628, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:645)

在处理上述异常时，发生了另一个异常：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "WorldCup.py", line 3, in <module>
    x = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.google.com')
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 162, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 465, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 483, in _open
'_open', req)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 443, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1283, in https_open
    context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1242, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]     certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:645)>

有人能帮我解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

在Debian 9上，我必须：

$ sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh
$ export SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/ssl/certs

我不知道为什么，但这个环境变量从未设置过。

Answer 2

转到安装Python的文件夹，例如，在我的示例（Mac OS）中，它安装在名为“Python 3.6”的应用程序文件夹中。现在双击“安装证书”。命令'。您将不再面临此错误。

对于那些不运行mac或具有不同设置且找不到此文件的用户，该文件仅运行：

pip安装--升级certifi

希望对某人有帮助：）

Answer 3

在我的例子中，我使用了ssl模块来解决认证问题，就像这样：

import ssl

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

然后，要阅读链接内容，您可以使用：

urllib.request.urlopen(urllink)