问题：
在Tkinter中使用Arduino数据动态更新标签和活动图
富昕
我一直在做一个项目，更新标签并将其绘制在Arduino的实时图形中。它输出温度和湿度。我的arduino串行输出如下所示：
29,50,44
我使用这行代码在分离串行数据输入python：
ser = serial.Serial('COM3',9600)
pullData = ser.readline().decode('utf-8')
get_data = pullData.split(',')
我可以将值分开，并在各自的标签中更新它们。但是当我使用相同的序列值动态更新图时，我没有让它工作。我想同时更新它们。我得到的错误就像
28,90,43
Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\threading.py", line 864, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "c:\Users\Deanne\OneDrive\Documents\Example#1\example#7.py", line 68, in animate
humid = int(data_1[0])
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '\x005\n'
Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\threading.py", line 864, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "c:\Users\Deanne\OneDrive\Documents\Example#1\example#7.py", line 69, in animate
temp = int(data_1[1])
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '\x00\x00\n'
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 745, in callit
func(*args)
File "c:\Users\Deanne\OneDrive\Documents\Example#1\example#7.py", line 86, in GetSerialData
data_array2 = int(get_data[2])
IndexError: list index out of range
这个错误一直在继续，我知道也许我的代码不是最合适的方法来处理这个问题或实现我想要的东西，但这是我通过研究得出的结论。我尝试了这种方法试图从Python中的Arduino绘制实时串行端口数据，但没有用，因为这个问题根本没有得到回答。我也读过许多相关的问题，但还是没有运气。我不知道如何抓住队列和线程的话题。我希望有人能指出我做错了什么。任何帮助将不胜感激。
这是我的完整代码：
from tkinter import *
import serial
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib import style
import threading
my_window = Tk()
my_window.title("Graphical User Interface Demo#1")
my_window.geometry("720x720")
#For raising frames
def raise_frame(frame):
frame.tkraise()
F1 = Frame(my_window, relief = RAISED)
F2 = Frame(my_window, relief = RAISED)
F3 = Frame(my_window, relief = RAISED)
F4 = Frame(my_window, relief = RAISED)
for frame in(F1, F2, F3, F4):
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = "NSEW")
raise_frame(F1)
List_1 = []
List_2 = []
List_3 = []
#Initialization of Serial Comm
ser = serial.Serial('COM3', 9600)
style.use("ggplot")
a = Figure(figsize = (7,6))
plot_a = a.add_subplot(111)
plot_a.set_title('Temperature Graph')
plot_a.set_ylabel('Temperature')
plot_a.set_xlabel('Time')
plot_a.plot(List_1, 'c', marker = 'o',label = 'Degrees C')
plot_a.legend(loc= 'upper left')
b = Figure(figsize = (7,6))
plot_b = b.add_subplot(111)
plot_b.set_title('Humidity Graph')
plot_b.set_ylabel('Humidity')
plot_b.plot(List_2,'g', marker = 'o', label = 'Percentage %')
plot_c.legend(loc = 'upper right')
c = Figure(figsize = (7,6))
plot_c = c.add_subplot(111)
plot_c.set_title('Solved Water Graph')
plot_c.set_ylabel('Water Volume')
plot_c.plot(List_3,'b', marker = 'o', label = 'mL')
plot_c.legend(loc = 'upper right')
def animate_thread(i):
threading.Thread(target=animate, args=(i,)).start()
def animate(i):
pulldata = ser.readline().decode('ascii')
data_1 = pulldata.split(',')
humid = int(data_1[0])
temp = int(data_1[1])
solved_water = int(data_1[2])
List_1.append(humid)
List_2.append(temp)
List_3.append(solved_water)
plot_a.set_ylim(0,40)
plot_a.plot(List_1, 'c', marker = 'o',label = 'Degrees C')
plot_b.set_ylim(0,100)
plot_b.plot(List_2, 'g', marker = 'o',label = 'Percentage %')
plot_c.set_ylim(0,55)
plot_c.plot(List_3, 'b', marker = 'o',label = 'mL')
def GetSerialData():
pulldata = ser.readline().decode('ascii')
get_data = pulldata.split(',')
data_array = int(get_data[0])
data_array1 = int(get_data[1])
data_array2 = int(get_data[2])
label_2data.config(text = str(data_array))
label_3data.config(text = str(data_array1))
label_4data.config(text = str(data_array2))
print(pulldata)
my_window.after(10000, GetSerialData)
#For Frame One
label_1 = Label(F1, text = "Homepage of GUI", relief = "solid", font = "Times 22 bold")
label_1.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = Button(F1, text = "Page of Humidity", relief = GROOVE, bd = 8, command = lambda:raise_frame(F2))
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
button_2 = Button(F1, text = "Page of Temperature", relief = GROOVE, bd = 8, command = lambda:raise_frame(F3))
button_2.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
button_3 = Button(F1, text = "Page of Water", relief = GROOVE, bd = 8, command = lambda:raise_frame(F4))
button_3.grid(row = 1, column = 4)
#For Frame Two
label_2 = Label(F2, text = "Temperature", relief = "solid", font = "Times 22 bold")
label_2.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = Button(F2, text = "Back To Homepage", command = lambda:raise_frame(F1))
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
label_2_1 = Label(F2, text = "Current Value: ", relief = "solid", font = "Verdana 10 bold")
label_2_1.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
label_2data = Label(F2, font = "Verdana 10")
label_2data.grid(row = 2, column = 3)
canvas1 = FigureCanvasTkAgg(a, F2)
canvas1.get_tk_widget().grid(row = 3, column = 3)
F2.canvas = canvas1
#For Frame Three
label_3 = Label(F3, text = "Humidity", relief = "solid", font = "Times 22 bold")
label_3.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = Button(F3, text = "Back To Homepage", command = lambda:raise_frame(F1))
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
label_3_1 = Label(F3, text = "Current Value: ", relief = "solid", font = "Verdana 10 bold")
label_3_1.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
label_3data = Label(F3, font = "Verdana 10")
label_3data.grid(row = 2, column = 3)
canvas2 = FigureCanvasTkAgg(b, F3)
canvas2.get_tk_widget().grid(row = 3, column = 3)
F3.canvas = canvas2
#For Frame Four
label_4 = Label(F4, text = "Solved Water Value", relief = "solid", font = "Times 22 bold")
label_4.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = Button(F4, text = "Back To Homepage", command = lambda:raise_frame(F1))
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
label_4_1 = Label(F4, text = "Current Value: ", relief = "solid", font = "Verdana 10 bold")
label_4_1.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
label_4data = Label(F4,font = "Verdana 10")
label_4data.grid(row = 2, column = 3)
canvas3 = FigureCanvasTkAgg(b, F4)
canvas3.get_tk_widget().grid(row = 3, column = 3)
F4.canvas = canvas3
aniA = animation.FuncAnimation(a, animate_thread, interval = 20000, blit = False)
aniB = animation.FuncAnimation(b, animate_thread, interval = 20000, blit = False)
aniC = animation.FuncAnimation(c, animate_thread, interval = 20000, blit = False)
GetSerialData()
my_window.mainloop()
更新：我尝试使用@Novel的整洁代码。代码如下：
#from tkinter import *
import tkinter as tk # proper way to import tkinter
import serial
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib import style
style.use("ggplot")
import threading
class Dee(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, title='', ylabel='', label='', color='c', ylim=1, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, master, **kwargs)
self.data = []
fig = Figure(figsize = (7,6))
self.plot = fig.add_subplot(111)
self.plot.set_title(title)
self.plot.set_ylabel(ylabel)
self.plot.set_ylim(0, ylim)
self.line, = self.plot.plot([], [], color, marker = 'o',label = label)
self.plot.legend(loc='upper left')
label = tk.Label(self, text = ylabel, font = "Times 22 bold")
label.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = tk.Button(self, text = "Back To Homepage", command = F1.tkraise)
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
label_1 = tk.Label(self, text = "Current Value: ", font = "Verdana 10 bold")
label_1.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
self.label_data = tk.Label(self, font = "Verdana 10")
self.label_data.grid(row = 2, column = 3)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=self)
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row = 3, column = 3)
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, self.update_graph, interval = 1000, blit = False)
canvas.draw()
def update_graph(self, i):
if self.data:
self.line.set_data(range(len(self.data)), self.data)
self.plot.set_xlim(0, len(self.data))
def set(self, value):
self.data.append(value)
self.label_data.config(text=value)
my_window = tk.Tk()
my_window.title("Graphical User Interface Demo#1")
my_window.geometry("720x720")
F1 = tk.Frame(my_window)
F2 = Dee(my_window, title='Temperature Graph', ylabel='Temperature', color='c', label='Degrees C', ylim=40)
F3 = Dee(my_window, title='Humidity Graph', ylabel='Humidity', color='g', label='Percentage %', ylim=100)
F4 = Dee(my_window, title='Solved Water Graph', ylabel='Water Volume', color='b', label='mL', ylim=55)
#For Frame One
label_1 = tk.Label(F1, text = "Homepage of GUI", font = "Times 22 bold")
label_1.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = tk.Button(F1, text = "Page of Humidity", bd = 8, command = F2.tkraise)
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
button_2 = tk.Button(F1, text = "Page of Temperature", bd = 8, command = F3.tkraise)
button_2.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
button_3 = tk.Button(F1, text = "Page of Water", bd = 8, command = F4.tkraise)
button_3.grid(row = 1, column = 4)
for frame in(F1, F2, F3, F4):
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = "NSEW")
F1.tkraise()
def get_data():
#Initialization of Serial Comm
ser = serial.Serial('COM3', 9600)
while True:
pulldata = ser.readline().decode('ascii')
get_data = pulldata.split(',')
F2.set(int(get_data[0]))
F3.set(int(get_data[1]))
F4.set(int(get_data[2]))
print(pulldata)
# start the thread that will poll the arduino
t = threading.Thread(target=get_data)
t.daemon = True
t.start()
my_window.mainloop()
图表和标签正在更新，但现在出现的问题是它冻结了。这也给了我这个错误：
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 745, in callit
func(*args)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\_backend_tk.py", line 310, in idle_draw
self.draw()
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_tkagg.py", line 12, in draw
super(FigureCanvasTkAgg, self).draw()
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 433, in draw
self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1475, in draw
renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 141, in _draw_list_compositing_images
a.draw(renderer)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 2607, in draw
mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 141, in _draw_list_compositing_images
a.draw(renderer)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\lines.py", line 738, in draw
self.recache()
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\lines.py", line 661, in recache
self._xy = np.column_stack(np.broadcast_arrays(x, y)).astype(float)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\stride_tricks.py", line 249, in broadcast_arrays
shape = _broadcast_shape(*args)
File "C:\Users\Deanne\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\stride_tricks.py", line 184, in _broadcast_shape
b = np.broadcast(*args[:32])
ValueError: shape mismatch: objects cannot be broadcast to a single shape
我可以看出它仍然在工作，因为它仍然输出数据。如果您能再次提供帮助，我们将不胜感激。非常感谢。
共有1个答案
萧建木
下面是一个粗略的猜测，它展示了如何创建用于轮询arduino的单个线程，以及如何通过使用类而不是复制/粘贴来使代码更整洁：
from tkinter import *
import tkinter as tk # proper way to import tkinter
import serial
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib import style
style.use("ggplot")
import threading
class Dee(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, title='', ylabel='', label='', color='c', ylim=1, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, master, **kwargs)
self.data = []
fig = Figure(figsize = (7,6))
self.plot = fig.add_subplot(111)
self.plot.set_title(title)
self.plot.set_ylabel(ylabel)
self.plot.set_ylim(0, ylim)
self.line, = self.plot.plot([], [], color, marker = 'o',label = label)
self.plot.legend(loc='upper left')
label = Label(self, text = ylabel, relief = "solid", font = "Times 22 bold")
label.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = Button(self, text = "Back To Homepage", command = F1.tkraise)
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
label_1 = Label(self, text = "Current Value: ", relief = "solid", font = "Verdana 10 bold")
label_1.grid(row = 2, column = 2)
self.label_data = Label(self, font = "Verdana 10")
self.label_data.grid(row = 2, column = 3)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=self)
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row = 3, column = 3)
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, self.update_graph, interval = 1000, blit = False)
canvas.draw()
def update_graph(self, i):
if self.data:
self.line.set_data(range(len(self.data)), self.data)
self.plot.set_xlim(0, len(self.data))
def set(self, value):
self.data.append(value)
self.label_data.config(text=value)
my_window = Tk()
my_window.title("Graphical User Interface Demo#1")
my_window.geometry("720x720")
F1 = Frame(my_window, relief = RAISED)
F2 = Dee(my_window, title='Temperature Graph', ylabel='Temperature', color='c', label='Degrees C', ylim=40, relief = RAISED)
F3 = Dee(my_window, title='Humidity Graph', ylabel='Humidity', color='g', label='Percentage %', ylim=100, relief = RAISED)
F4 = Dee(my_window, title='Solved Water Graph', ylabel='Water Volume', color='b', label='mL', ylim=55, relief = RAISED)
#For Frame One
label_1 = Label(F1, text = "Homepage of GUI", relief = "solid", font = "Times 22 bold")
label_1.grid(row = 0, column = 3)
button_1 = Button(F1, text = "Page of Humidity", relief = GROOVE, bd = 8, command = F2.tkraise)
button_1.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
button_2 = Button(F1, text = "Page of Temperature", relief = GROOVE, bd = 8, command = F3.tkraise)
button_2.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
button_3 = Button(F1, text = "Page of Water", relief = GROOVE, bd = 8, command = F4.tkraise)
button_3.grid(row = 1, column = 4)
for frame in(F1, F2, F3, F4):
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = "NSEW")
F1.tkraise()
def get_data():
#Initialization of Serial Comm
ser = serial.Serial('COM3', 9600)
while True:
pulldata = ser.readline().decode('ascii')
get_data = pulldata.split(',')
F2.set(int(get_data[0]))
F3.set(int(get_data[1]))
F4.set(int(get_data[3]))
# start the thread that will poll the arduino
t = threading.Thread(target=get_data)
t.daemon = True
t.start()
my_window.mainloop()
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