Django Haystack-无法构建solr架构

Question

当我尝试构建solr架构时，出现以下错误：

(my_env) pecan@tux ~/Documents/Django/mysite $ python manage.py build_solr_schema
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/haystack/management/commands/build_solr_schema.py", line 29, in handle
    schema_xml = self.build_template(using=using)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/haystack/management/commands/build_solr_schema.py", line 57, in build_template
    return t.render(c)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 64, in render
    context = make_context(context, request, autoescape=self.backend.engine.autoescape)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/template/context.py", line 287, in make_context
    raise TypeError('context must be a dict rather than %s.' % context.__class__.__name__)
TypeError: context must be a dict rather than Context.

也许这些信息会很有用：

MySite/settings.py文件：

"""
Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '****'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

SITE_ID = 1

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.sitemaps',
    'blog',
    'taggit',
    'haystack',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'haystack.backends.solr_backend.SolrEngine',
        'URL': 'http://127.0.0.1:8983/solr/blog'
    },
}

博客/search_indexes.py文件：

from haystack import indexes
from .models import Post

class PostIndex(indexes.SearchIndex, indexes.Indexable):
    text = indexes.CharField(document=True, use_template=True)
    publish = indexes.DateTimeField(model_attr='publish')

    def get_model(self):
        return Post

    def index_queryset(self, using=None):
        return self.get_model().published.all()

blog/templates/search/index/blog/post_text.txt文件：

{{ object.title }}
{{ object.tags.all|join:", " }}
{{ object.body }}

我正在使用Apache Solr 4.10.4、Python 3.4.5和Django 1.11.5。当我试图导入干草堆在Python控制台我得到下面的错误：

>>> import haystack
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/haystack/__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
    from haystack.constants import DEFAULT_ALIAS
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/haystack/constants.py", line 10, in <module>
    ID = getattr(settings, 'HAYSTACK_ID_FIELD', 'id')
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 56, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/pecan/Documents/Django/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting HAYSTACK_ID_FIELD, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.in Python console

我指望得到帮助。

Answer 1

调试草垛

当人们第一次使用干草堆时，会遇到一些常见的问题。

“没有名为haystack的模块。”

这个问题通常发生在第一次向项目中添加Haystack时。

>

您是否正在使用django haystack签出/安装中的haystack目录？

您的PYTHONPATH上是否有haystack目录？或者，是否将haystack符号链接到您的项目中？

启动Django shell（/manage.py shell），然后尝试导入haystack。您可能会收到不同的、更具描述性的错误消息。

仔细检查以确保没有循环导入。（即模块A尝试从模块B导入，而模块B尝试从模块A导入。）

"未找到结果。"（在网页上）

有几个问题可能导致找不到结果。最常见的是，要么没有运行rebuild_index来填充索引，要么有一个空白的文档=True字段，导致引擎无法搜索内容。

>

在已安装的应用程序中是否有搜索索引.py？

你的数据库里有数据吗？

您是否运行了/manage.py rebuild\u index来索引所有内容？

请尝试运行/manage.py rebuild\u index-v2，以获得更详细的输出，以确保正在处理/插入数据。

启动一个Django shell（./manage.pyshell）并尝试：

从haystack.query导入SearchQuerySet

Sqs=SearchQuerySet（）. all（）

sqs.count（）

• 你应该得到一个整数

sqs[0]#应该返回一个SearchResult对象。

sqs[0].id#应该返回类似“myapp.mymodel.1”的内容。

sqs[0]. text#...或者你的文档=True字段是什么。

• 如果你返回u"或无，这意味着你的数据没有进入被搜索的主字段。您需要检查字段是否有使用模型数据的模板、直接从模型中提取数据的model_attr或在索引时填充数据的准备/prepare_FOO方法。
• 检查搜索页面的模板，并确保它正确地循环到结果上。还要确保它要么访问从搜索引擎返回的有效字段，要么试图通过{{result.object.foo}}查找访问关联模型。

资料来源：http://django-haystack.readthedocs.io/en/v2.4.1/toc.html

Answer 2

在我的Django项目中，干草堆的版本是错误的。我使用了django-haystack 2.6.1包，但是它与django模板上下文传递有问题。此版本在上下文中传递上下文对象而不是字典。更多细节：https://github.com/django-haystack/django-haystack/pull/1504/commits/295584314e19a191a59450e053b21809adceca2a.

django-haystack 2.6.1中的haystack/管理/命令/build_solr_schema.py：

     content_field_name, fields = backend.build_schema(
         connections[using].get_unified_index().all_searchfields()
     )
     return Context({
         'content_field_name': content_field_name,
         'fields': fields,
         'default_operator': constants.DEFAULT_OPERATOR,
         'ID': constants.ID,
         'DJANGO_CT': constants.DJANGO_CT,
         'DJANGO_ID': constants.DJANGO_ID,
     })

 def build_template(self, using):
     t = loader.get_template('search_configuration/solr.xml')

django haystack 2.7.dev0中的haystack/management/commands/build_solr_schema.py：

     content_field_name, fields = backend.build_schema(
         connections[using].get_unified_index().all_searchfields()
     )

     return {
         'content_field_name': content_field_name,
         'fields': fields,
         'default_operator': constants.DEFAULT_OPERATOR,
         'ID': constants.ID,
         'DJANGO_CT': constants.DJANGO_CT,
         'DJANGO_ID': constants.DJANGO_ID,
     }

 def build_template(self, using):
     t = loader.get_template('search_configuration/solr.xml')

我不得不卸载django haystack 2.6.1，并使用以下命令安装更新的版本：

pip uninstall django-haystack
pip install django-haystack==2.7.dev0

我还解决了导入错误。在本例中，我刚刚在settings.py文件中添加了lineHAYSTACK\u ID\u FIELD=1，并将所需的环境变量DJANGO\u settings\u MODULE设置为valuemysite.settings。

编辑settings.py后，我执行了以下命令：

(my_env) pecan@tux ~/Documents/Django/mysite $ DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="mysite.settings"
(my_env) pecan@tux ~/Documents/Django/mysite $ echo $DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 
mysite.settings
(my_env) pecan@tux ~/Documents/Django/mysite $ DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE python
bash: DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: command not found
(my_env) pecan@tux ~/Documents/Django/mysite $ python
Python 3.4.5 (default, Sep 17 2017, 18:19:56) 
[GCC 5.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import haystack
>>> 

现在，django haystack工作正常！