Hibernate隔离集成测试

Question

我对hibernate有点陌生，所以我从一些简单的东西开始。

根据F.I.R.S.T测试原则，单元测试必须是I-隔离的。我试图使用@transactional注释将其应用于存储库层(Hibernate\JPA)的集成测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = RepositoryConfig.class)
@Transactional
public class EmployeeRepositoryTest extends AbstractRepositoryTest {    
    @Autowired
    private IEmployeeRepository employeeRepository;    
    @Test
    public void saveTest() {
        Employee expectedEmployee = buildEmployee(1, "Parker");
        employeeRepository.save(expectedEmployee);
        Employee actualEmployee = employeeRepository.findById(1);
        assertEquals(expectedEmployee, actualEmployee);
    }
    private Employee buildEmployee(long id, String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setId(id);
        employee.setName(name);
        return employee;
    }
}

但是，只要在一个事务中执行两个方法，hibernate实际上并不执行它们（据我所知）--至少日志中没有insert行。

INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name) VALUES (1, 'name');

我看到了一个自带EntityManager并调用其flush()方法的解决方案。但我不喜欢它，因为我试图在不绑定Hibernate\JPA的情况下编写测试。

我还尝试了不同的flushmode，但也没有帮助。

Q1:有没有办法让Hibernate在Repository的方法被调用后立即运行查询？

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {    
    @Id
    @Column(name = "employee_id")
    private long id;        
    @Column(name = "employee_name")
    private String name;
    // the rest required things (constructor, getters/setters and etc)
}

和RepositoryConfig：

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@ComponentScan("org.my.package")
public class RepositoryConfig {    
    @Bean
    public DataSource getDataSource() {
        return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
                .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
                .build();
    }    
    @Bean
    public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return new JpaTransactionManager();
    }    
    @Bean
    @Autowired
    public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
    }    
    @Bean
    public LocalSessionFactoryBean getSessionFactory() {
        LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(getDataSource());
        sessionFactory.setPackagesToScan("org.my.package.model");
        sessionFactory.setHibernateProperties(getHibernateProperties());
        return sessionFactory;
    }    
    private Properties getHibernateProperties() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("hibernate.dialect", "H2Dialect");
        properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", true);
        return properties;
    }
}

Answer 1

您别无选择，只能与实体管理器交互以使这些测试按您的预期工作--不触发刷新（这可以通过在存储库上调用saveandflush(..)方法而不是仅调用save(..)来实现），而是清除第一级缓存：

https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/jpa/docs/current/api/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/jparepository.html#saveandflush-s-

@Test
public void saveTest() {
    Employee expectedEmployee = buildEmployee(1, "Parker");

    //call save and flush for immediate flush.
    employeeRepository.saveAndFlush(expectedEmployee);

    //now you will need to clear the persistence context to actually
    //trigger a load from the database as employee with id 1 is already
    //in the persistence context. 

    //without the below you will not see a db select
    entityManager.clear();

    Employee actualEmployee = employeeRepository.findById(1);
    assertEquals(expectedEmployee, actualEmployee);
}

清除持久性上下文的另一种方法是使用原始JDBC读取更新的行。

但我不喜欢它，因为我试图在不绑定Hibernate\JPA的情况下编写测试。您正在测试一个在Hibernate\JPA中实现的持久性机制，而您的存储库只是一个抽象，允许您避免直接调用它，所以这似乎有点荒谬。