如何在苹果硅（M1）上运行CocoaPods

Question

我有一个Flutter项目，我正试图在iOS上运行。它在我的基于英特尔的Mac电脑上正常运行，但在我的新的基于苹果硅的M1 Mac电脑上，它无法安装吊舱。

LoadError - dlsym(0x7f8926035eb0, Init_ffi_c): symbol not found - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1/lib/ffi_c.bundle
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1/lib/ffi.rb:6:in `rescue in <top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1/lib/ffi.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ethon-0.12.0/lib/ethon.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.0/lib/typhoeus.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/sources_manager.rb:74:in `cdn_url?'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/sources_manager.rb:36:in `create_source_with_url'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/sources_manager.rb:21:in `find_or_create_source_with_url'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:178:in `block in sources'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:177:in `map'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:177:in `sources'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1073:in `block in resolve_dependencies'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/user_interface.rb:64:in `section'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:1072:in `resolve_dependencies'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer/analyzer.rb:124:in `analyze'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:414:in `analyze'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:239:in `block in resolve_dependencies'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/user_interface.rb:64:in `section'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:238:in `resolve_dependencies'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/installer.rb:160:in `install!'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/command/install.rb:52:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/claide-1.0.3/lib/claide/command.rb:334:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:52:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.10.0/bin/pod:55:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
/usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'

基于Github解决方案，我尝试使用rosetta运行Terminal，但问题仍然是：https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/9907#issuecomment-655870749

意识到现在使用苹果硅芯片的Mac电脑还为时过早。有没有办法让这项工作暂时有效？

Answer 1

• 使用Homebrew/rbenv/RVM安装您自己的Ruby版本（例如brew install ruby）
• 将它和宝石二进制文件添加到您的PATH并确保新版本与哪个ruby一起使用（如果与Homebrew一起安装，则应该是/opt/hombrew/opt/ruby/bin/ruby而不是/usr/bin/ruby）
• 使用sudo gem安装cocoapods安装CocoaPods（确保ethon至少是0.13.0版）
• 运行pod install

所有建议使用Rosetta/arch-x86_64的答案都是变通方法，并没有完全解决来自RbConfig和通用二进制文件工作方式的真正问题。

require 'rbconfig'

OSVERSION = RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']
ARCH = RbConfig::CONFIG['arch']
HOSTCPU = RbConfig::CONFIG['host_cpu']
BUILDCPU = RbConfig::CONFIG['build_cpu']
TARGETCPU = RbConfig::CONFIG['target_cpu']

puts "OS: #{OSVERSION}"
puts "Arch: #{ARCH}"
puts "Host CPU: #{HOSTCPU}"
puts "Build CPU: #{BUILDCPU}"
puts "Target CPU: #{TARGETCPU}"

如果使用macOS附带的通用二进制文件对包含此代码的文件调用ruby，则在M1 Mac上会得到以下结果：

OS: darwin20
Arch: universal-darwin20
Host CPU: x86_64
Build CPU: x86_64
Target CPU: universal

如您所见，RbConfig是为«编译的

正如ffi使用来自RbConfig的信息（参见https://github.com/ffi/ffi/blob/dfae59e293974efaa7b4d414e5116d7a2187a06e/lib/ffi/platform.rb#L61和https://github.com/ffi/ffi/blob/e3f2cf9b82055709ddbeecbf77810f43438c4b64/spec/ffi/fixtures/compile.rb#L11)，我们最终得到OP的错误消息。

因此，解决方案是通过使用Homebrew、rbenv或RVM获得专门为arm64构建的Ruby版本。

对于自制：

• 执行brew安装ruby

此外，需要注意的是ruby仍然只包含在macOS中”

警告：macOS中包含此版本的ruby是为了与旧软件兼容。在未来版本的macOS中，ruby运行时默认情况下不可用，可能需要您安装额外的软件包。

IRB1.0.0 (2018-12-18)

来源：

• https://betterprogramming.pub/ruby-on-apple-silicon-m1-macs-fb159849b2f5

Answer 2

编辑：我最近禁用了Rosetta，而Cocoapods在添加ffi gem后运行良好。

对于其他与这个问题斗争的人，我只是找到了一种解决方法。除了在罗塞塔运行航站楼外：

1. 右键单击Finder中的终端
2. 获取信息
3. 用罗塞塔开场

我安装了一个似乎与错误中找不到的符号相关的gem：

sudo gem install ffi

完成此操作后，cocoapods将按预期运行。

Answer 3

2022年5月更新

如果你能用自制软件管理椰子荚。

# Uninstall the local cocoapods gem
sudo gem uninstall cocoapods

# Reinstall cocoapods via Homebrew
brew install cocoapods

2021解决方案

# STEP 1: Install ffi
sudo arch -x86_64 gem install ffi

# STEP 2: Re-install dependencies
arch -x86_64 pod install

其他信息

#1如果有人在可执行文件中看到arch:posix_spawnp:gem:Bad CPU type错误，必须首先安装Rosetta。谢谢，杰克·德赫斯特

#2如果经常运行pod命令，请在中设置别名。zshrc或。bash_profile可能很方便。谢谢@theMoonlitKnight的建议。

alias pod='arch -x86_64 pod'