问题：
如何在Android 11上使用Media Store API获取隐藏文件夹中的文件
叶稳
我需要获取外部存储上WhatsApp文件夹中的数据。由于我的目标是API级别30，我不再能够访问外部存储上的WhatsApp文件夹。我已经实现了存储访问框架，获得了Android/media文件夹和文档文件。使用listFiles（）我可以列出文件，但使用filter（）和sortedbydescing（）函数，速度会变得非常慢。
我试过什么？
>
它返回隐藏文件夹的空光标。状态
尝试替换MediaStore.Video.Media。带有MediaStore.Video.Media.getContentUri（MediaStore.VOLUME\u EXTERNAL）
需要什么？
- 列出图像和视频。状态文件夹与我在HomeA中使用媒体商店列出WhatsApp图像相同ctivity.java
下面是我的代码
class HomeActivity : AppCompatActivity(), InternetListener, PurchasesUpdatedListener,
CoroutineScope {
private val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { context, exception ->
Toast.makeText(this, exception.message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
}
private val dataRepository: DataRepository by inject()
val tinyDB: TinyDB by inject()
val REQUEST_CODE = 12123
init {
newNativeAdSetUp = null
}
val sharedViewModel by viewModel<SharedViewModel>()
val viewModel by viewModel<HomeViewModel>()
val handler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
Log.d("CoroutineException", "$exception handled !")
}
override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
get() = Dispatchers.Main + job + handler
private lateinit var job: Job
val sdk30PermissionListener = object : PermissionListener {
override fun onPermissionGranted() {
openDocumentTree()
}
override fun onPermissionDenied(deniedPermissions: MutableList<String>?) {
}
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_home)
handlePermissionsByVersion()
}
private fun handlePermissionsByVersion() {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
this,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) && (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
this,
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
) {
//if granted load whatsapp images and some uris setup to viewmodel
loadWhatsAppImages()
if (arePermissionsGranted()) {
if (dataRepository.mrWhatsAppImages == null || dataRepository.mrWhatsAppBusinessImages == null) {
setUpWAURIs()
}
}
} else {
TedPermission.with(this)
.setPermissionListener(sdk30PermissionListener)
.setDeniedMessage("If you reject permission,you can not use this service\n\nPlease turn on permissions at [Setting] > [Permission]")
.setPermissions(
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
)
.check()
}
}
}
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, @Nullable data: Intent?) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK && requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
if (data != null) {
//this is the uri user has provided us
val treeUri: Uri? = data.data
if (treeUri != null) {
sharedViewModel.treeUri = treeUri
val decoded = Uri.decode(treeUri.toString())
Log.i(LOGTAG, "got uri: ${treeUri.toString()}")
// here we should do some checks on the uri, we do not want root uri
// because it will not work on Android 11, or perhaps we have some specific
// folder name that we want, etc
if (Uri.decode(treeUri.toString()).endsWith(":")) {
showWrongFolderSelection()
return
}
if (!decoded.equals(Constants.WHATSAPP_MEDIA_URI_DECODED)) {
showWrongFolderSelection()
return
}
// here we ask the content resolver to persist the permission for us
val takeFlags: Int = Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or
Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION
contentResolver.takePersistableUriPermission(
treeUri,
takeFlags
)
val treeUriAsString = treeUri.toString()
tinyDB.putString("FOLDER_URI", treeUriAsString)
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
setupPaths()
}
}
}
}
}
private fun setupPaths() {
setUpOverlay()
fetchWhatsAppRootURIs(
this,
sharedViewModel,
dataRepository,
tinyDB
) {
fetchWhatsAppBusinessRootURIs(
this,
sharedViewModel,
dataRepository,
tinyDB
) {
tinyDB.putBoolean("WARootPathsDone", true)
removeOverlay()
}
}
}
override fun onDestroy() {
dialogHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null)
super.onDestroy()
}
val loadmanagerImages = object : LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
val whatsAppImagesArrayList = arrayListOf<File>()
override fun onCreateLoader(id: Int, args: Bundle?): Loader<Cursor> {
var location: File = File(
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.toString() + Constants.whatsapp_images_path
)
if (!location.exists()) {
location = File(
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.toString() + Constants.whatsapp_images_path11
)
}
if (location != null && location.exists()) {
whatsAppImagesArrayList.clear()
Timber.e("checkLoaded-onCreateLoader $id")
if (id == 0) {
var folder = location.absolutePath
val projection = arrayOf(
MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA,
MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATE_MODIFIED
)
val selection = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA + " like ? "
val selectionArgs: String = "%$folder%"
return CursorLoader(
this@HomeActivity,
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
projection,
selection,
arrayOf(selectionArgs),
"${MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_MODIFIED} DESC"
)
}
}
return null!!
}
override fun onLoadFinished(loader: Loader<Cursor>, cursor: Cursor?) {
Timber.e("checkLoaded-onLoadFinished")
var absolutePathOfImage: String
if (loader.id == 0) {
cursor?.let {
val columnIndexData = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA)
GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main + exceptionHandler) {
async(Dispatchers.IO + exceptionHandler) {
while (!cursor.isClosed && cursor.moveToNext() == true) {
absolutePathOfImage = cursor.getString(columnIndexData!!)
whatsAppImagesArrayList.add(File(absolutePathOfImage))
}
}.await()
LoaderManager.getInstance(this@HomeActivity).destroyLoader(0)
Timber.e("checkLoaded-Completion")
galleryViewModel.whatsAppImagesList.postValue(whatsAppImagesArrayList)
}
}
}
}
override fun onLoaderReset(loader: Loader<Cursor>) {
}
}
fun loadWhatsAppImages() {
try {
tinyDB.putBoolean("whatsAppMediaLoadCalled", true)
LoaderManager.getInstance(this).initLoader(
0,
null,
loadmanagerImages
)
} catch (e: RuntimeException) {
Log.e("exVideos ", "ex : ${e.localizedMessage}")
}
}
companion object {
const val ANDROID_DOCID = "primary:Android/media/"
const val EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PROVIDER_AUTHORITY = "com.android.externalstorage.documents"
private val androidUri = DocumentsContract.buildDocumentUri(
EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PROVIDER_AUTHORITY, ANDROID_DOCID
)
val androidTreeUri = DocumentsContract.buildTreeDocumentUri(
EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PROVIDER_AUTHORITY, ANDROID_DOCID
)
}
private fun openDocumentTree() {
val uriString = tinyDB.getString("FOLDER_URI", "")
when {
uriString == "" -> {
Log.w(LOGTAG, "uri not stored")
askPermission()
}
arePermissionsGranted() -> {
}
else -> {
Log.w(LOGTAG, "uri permission not stored")
askPermission()
}
}
}
// this will present the user with folder browser to select a folder for our data
private fun askPermission() {
val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE)
intent.putExtra(DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI, androidUri)
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE)
}
private fun arePermissionsGranted(): Boolean {
var uriString = tinyDB.getString("FOLDER_URI", "")
val list = contentResolver.persistedUriPermissions
for (i in list.indices) {
val persistedUriString = list[i].uri.toString()
if (persistedUriString == uriString && list[i].isWritePermission && list[i].isReadPermission) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
private fun showWrongFolderSelection() {
val layoutInflaterAndroid = LayoutInflater.from(this)
val mView = layoutInflaterAndroid.inflate(R.layout.layout_dialog_wrong_folder, null)
val builder = AlertDialog.Builder(this, R.style.ThemePageSearchDialog)
builder.setView(mView)
val alertDialog = builder.show()
alertDialog.setCancelable(false)
val btnOk = mView.findViewById(R.id.tvExit) as TextView
val tvCancel = mView.findViewById(R.id.tvCancel) as TextView
btnOk.setOnClickListener {
alertDialog.dismiss()
openDocumentTree()
}
tvCancel.setOnClickListener {
alertDialog.dismiss()
}
}
private fun setUpWAURIs() {
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppImages =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppImages")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppVN =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppVN")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppDocs =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppDocs")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppVideo =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppVideo")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppAudio =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppAudio")
)
dataRepository.WhatsAppStatuses =
getDocumentFileFromStringURIStatuses(
this,
tinyDB.getString("WhatsAppStatuses")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppBusinessImages =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppBusinessImages")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppBusinessVN =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppBusinessVN")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppBusinessDocs =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppBusinessDocs")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppBusinessVideo =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppBusinessVideo")
)
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppBusinessAudio =
getDocumentFileFromStringURI(
this,
tinyDB.getString("mrWhatsAppBusinessAudio")
)
dataRepository.WhatsAppBusinessStatuses =
getDocumentFileFromStringURIStatuses(
this,
tinyDB.getString("WhatsAppBusinessStatuses")
)
}
fun setUpOverlay() {
val dialogfragment = FullScreenLoadingDialog()
dialogfragment.isCancelable = false
dialogfragment.setisAdmobAd(true)
val ft: FragmentTransaction =
supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
ft.add(dialogfragment, "DialogFragment_FLAG")
ft.commitAllowingStateLoss()
}
fun removeOverlay() {
val fragment: Fragment? = supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("DialogFragment_FLAG")
if (fragment != null && fragment is DialogFragment) {
fragment.dismissAllowingStateLoss()
}
}
fun fetchWhatsAppRootURIs(
context: Context,
sharedViewModel: SharedViewModel,
dataRepository: DataRepository,
tinyDB: TinyDB, completed: () -> Unit
) {
val selectedPackageName = Constants.WHATSAPP_PKG_NAME
val selectedRootName = Constants.WHATSAPP_ROOT_NAME
var waImages: DocumentFile? = null
var waVN: DocumentFile? = null
var waDocs: DocumentFile? = null
var waVideos: DocumentFile? = null
var waAudio: DocumentFile? = null
var waStatus: DocumentFile? = null
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R && sharedViewModel.treeUri != null) {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
async(Dispatchers.IO) {
val dir = DocumentFile.fromTreeUri(
context,
sharedViewModel.treeUri!!
)
dir?.listFiles()?.forEach {
if (it.name.equals(selectedPackageName)) {
it.listFiles().forEach {
if (it.name.equals(selectedRootName)) {
it.listFiles().forEach {
if (it.name.equals(Constants.WHATSAPP_MEDIA_FOLDER_NAME)) {
it.listFiles().forEach {
if (it.name.equals(Constants.FOLDER_NAME_WHATSAPP_IMAGES)) {
waImages = it
} else if (it.name.equals(Constants.FOLDER_NAME_WHATSAPP_VN)) {
waVN = it
} else if (it.name.equals(Constants.FOLDER_NAME_WHATSAPP_DOCUMENTS)) {
waDocs = it
} else if (it.name.equals(Constants.FOLDER_NAME_WHATSAPP_VIDEO)) {
waVideos = it
} else if (it.name.equals(Constants.FOLDER_NAME_WHATSAPP_AUDIO)) {
waAudio = it
} else if (it.name.equals(Constants.FOLDER_NAME_STATUSES)) {
waStatus = it
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}.await()
Timber.e("processStatusFetch:Done")
tinyDB.putString("mrWhatsAppImages", waImages?.uri.toString())
tinyDB.putString("mrWhatsAppVN", waImages?.uri.toString())
tinyDB.putString("mrWhatsAppDocs", waImages?.uri.toString())
tinyDB.putString("mrWhatsAppVideo", waImages?.uri.toString())
tinyDB.putString("mrWhatsAppAudio", waImages?.uri.toString())
tinyDB.putString("WhatsAppStatuses", waStatus?.uri.toString())
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppImages = waImages
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppVN = waVN
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppDocs = waDocs
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppVideo = waVideos
dataRepository.mrWhatsAppAudio = waAudio
dataRepository.WhatsAppStatuses = waStatus
completed()
}
}
}
class StatusImageFragment : Fragment(), StatusListener, CoroutineScope {
companion object {
fun newInstance() = StatusImageFragment()
}
val handler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
Log.d("CoroutineException", "$exception handled !")
}
override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
get() = Dispatchers.Main + job + handler
private lateinit var job: Job
private var adapterSDK30 = StatusImageAdapterSDK30()
private var no_image: ImageView? = null
private var no_image_txt: TextView? = null
val tinyDB: TinyDB by inject()
val sharedViewModel by viewModel<SharedViewModel>()
private val dataRepository: DataRepository by inject()
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
job = Job()
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.status_image_fragment, container, false)
}
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
swipeRefresh(false, false)
}
public fun swipeRefresh(isReloadRequired: Boolean, isFromModeChanged: Boolean) {
try {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
if (isFromModeChanged) {
status_image_recycler.visibility = View.GONE
progressbar.visibility = View.VISIBLE
no_image?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
no_image_txt?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
go_to_app?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
} else {
if (adapterSDK30.listImages == null || adapterSDK30.listImages.size == 0) {
no_image?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
no_image_txt?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
go_to_app?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
progressbar.visibility = View.VISIBLE
}
}
if (isReloadRequired) {
processStatusFetchFromChild({
sharedViewModel.statusImages.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer {
val arrayList = it
adapterSDK30.listImages = arrayList
postFetchingExecutionSDK30()
})
})
} else {
sharedViewModel.statusImages.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer {
val arrayList = it
adapterSDK30.listImages = arrayList
adapterSDK30.listImages = it
postFetchingExecutionSDK30()
})
}
}
} catch (ex: Exception) {
ex.printStackTrace()
}
}
private fun postFetchingExecutionSDK30() {
progressbar.visibility = View.GONE
status_image_recycler.visibility = View.VISIBLE
if (adapterSDK30!!.listImages != null && adapterSDK30!!.listImages.size > 0) {
no_image?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
no_image_txt?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
go_to_app?.let {
it.visibility = View.GONE
}
} else {
no_image?.let {
it.visibility = View.VISIBLE
}
no_image_txt?.let {
it.visibility = View.VISIBLE
}
go_to_app?.let {
it.visibility = View.VISIBLE
}
}
adapterSDK30!!.notifyDataSetChanged()
status_img_swipe.isRefreshing = false
}
override fun onDestroyView() {
job.cancel()
super.onDestroyView()
}
fun processStatusFetchFromChild(completed: () -> Unit) {
val statusSelection = tinyDB.getInt(Constants.status_accounts)
if (statusSelection == 0 || statusSelection == 1) {
if (dataRepository.WhatsAppStatuses == null) {
(activity as StatusActivity).setUpWAURIs()
}
var documentFileStatuses: DocumentFile? = dataRepository.WhatsAppStatuses
if (statusSelection == 1) {
documentFileStatuses = dataRepository.WhatsAppBusinessStatuses
}
if (documentFileStatuses != null) {
launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
val statusImages1 = arrayListOf<DocumentFile>()
async(Dispatchers.IO) {
//this takes time ; want to fetch this same as WhatsApp Gallery
statusImages1.addAll(documentFileStatuses!!.listFiles().filter {
it.mimeType.equals(Constants.MIME_TYPE_IMG_PNG) || it.mimeType.equals(
Constants.MIME_TYPE_IMG_JPG
) || it.mimeType.equals(Constants.MIME_TYPE_IMG_JPEG)
}.sortedByDescending { it.lastModified() })
}.await()
Timber.e("processStatusFetch:Done")
sharedViewModel.statusImages.postValue(statusImages1)
completed()
}
} else {
Timber.e("processStatusFetch:Done")
sharedViewModel.statusImages.postValue(arrayListOf<DocumentFile>())
completed()
}
} else {
Timber.e("processStatusFetch:Done")
sharedViewModel.statusImages.postValue(arrayListOf<DocumentFile>())
completed()
}
}
}
请注意我使用的WhatsApp文件夹路径是
val whatsapp_images_path11 = "/Android/media/“ +"com.whatsapp" +"/WhatsApp/Media/WhatsAppImages/"
在这种情况下，我如何使用MediaStore，这样我就不需要使用列表的排序和过滤功能了？获取java.io文件并不重要，只有我也可以使用URI。
共有1个答案
丘浩宕
使用DocumentFile处理SAF资源确实很慢。
更好地使用Documents合约来做到这一点。
它的速度大约是DocumentFile的20倍，大约是经典文件类的20倍。
使用MediaStore隐藏文件夹应该是可能的。您无法使用mediastore创建隐藏文件夹。但是，如果您设法使它们不使用mediastore，您应该能够使用mediastore列出其中的文件。如果它们被扫描。如果它们属于您的应用程序。
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