Swift中的全球常数文件

Question

在我的Objective-C项目中，我经常使用一个全局常量文件来存储通知名和< code > nsuserfaults 的键。它看起来像这样:

@interface GlobalConstants : NSObject

extern NSString *someNotification;

@end

@implementation GlobalConstants

NSString *someNotification = @"aaaaNotification";

@end

如何在 Swift 中执行完全相同的操作？

Answer 1

虽然我更喜欢@Francescu的方式（使用具有静态属性的结构），但您也可以定义全局常量和变量：

let someNotification = "TEST"

但是请注意，与局部变量/常量和类/结构属性不同，全局变量是隐式延迟的，这意味着它们在第一次访问时被初始化。

推荐阅读：全局变量和局部变量，以及 Swift 中的全局变量都不是变量

Answer 2

我参加聚会有点晚了。

无论以下是我如何管理常量文件，以便在以swift编写代码时对开发人员更有意义。

对于URL：

//URLConstants.swift

  struct APPURL {

    private struct Domains {
        static let Dev = "http://test-dev.cloudapp.net"
        static let UAT = "http://test-UAT.com"
        static let Local = "192.145.1.1"
        static let QA = "testAddress.qa.com"
    }

    private  struct Routes {
        static let Api = "/api/mobile"
    }

    private  static let Domain = Domains.Dev
    private  static let Route = Routes.Api
    private  static let BaseURL = Domain + Route

    static var FacebookLogin: String {
        return BaseURL  + "/auth/facebook"
    }
}

对于自定义字体：

//FontsConstants.swift
struct FontNames {

    static let LatoName = "Lato"
    struct Lato {
        static let LatoBold = "Lato-Bold"
        static let LatoMedium = "Lato-Medium"
        static let LatoRegular = "Lato-Regular"
        static let LatoExtraBold = "Lato-ExtraBold"
    }
}

对于应用程序中使用的所有键

//KeyConstants.swift
    struct Key {

        static let DeviceType = "iOS"
        struct Beacon{
            static let ONEXUUID = "xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx"
        }

        struct UserDefaults {
            static let k_App_Running_FirstTime = "userRunningAppFirstTime"
        }

        struct Headers {
            static let Authorization = "Authorization"
            static let ContentType = "Content-Type"
        }
        struct Google{
            static let placesKey = "some key here"//for photos
            static let serverKey = "some key here"
        }

        struct ErrorMessage{
            static let listNotFound = "ERROR_LIST_NOT_FOUND"
            static let validationError = "ERROR_VALIDATION"
        }
    }

对于颜色常数:

//ColorConstants.swift
struct AppColor {

    private struct Alphas {
        static let Opaque = CGFloat(1)
        static let SemiOpaque = CGFloat(0.8)
        static let SemiTransparent = CGFloat(0.5)
        static let Transparent = CGFloat(0.3)
    }

    static let appPrimaryColor =  UIColor.white.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
    static let appSecondaryColor =  UIColor.blue.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Opaque)

    struct TextColors {
        static let Error = AppColor.appSecondaryColor
        static let Success = UIColor(red: 0.1303, green: 0.9915, blue: 0.0233, alpha: Alphas.Opaque) 
    }

    struct TabBarColors{
        static let Selected = UIColor.white
        static let NotSelected = UIColor.black
    }

    struct OverlayColor {
        static let SemiTransparentBlack = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Transparent)
        static let SemiOpaque = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
        static let demoOverlay = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(0.6)
    }
}

您可以将这些所有文件包装在Xcode项目中名为常量的公共组中。

更多信息，请观看此视频

Answer 3

IMO处理此类常量的最佳方法是创建一个结构。

struct Constants {
    static let someNotification = "TEST"
}

然后，例如，在您的代码中这样调用它：

print(Constants.someNotification)

如果您想要更好的组织，我建议您使用分段子结构

struct K {
    struct NotificationKey {
        static let Welcome = "kWelcomeNotif"
    }

    struct Path {
        static let Documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0] as String
        static let Tmp = NSTemporaryDirectory()
    }
}

然后你可以使用例如< code>K.Path.Tmp

这只是一个技术解决方案，我的代码中的实际实现看起来更像是：

struct GraphicColors {

    static let grayDark = UIColor(0.2)
    static let grayUltraDark = UIColor(0.1)

    static let brown  = UIColor(rgb: 126, 99, 89)
    // etc.
}

和

enum Env: String {
    case debug
    case testFlight
    case appStore
}

struct App {
    struct Folders {
        static let documents: NSString = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.documentDirectory, .userDomainMask, true)[0] as NSString
        static let temporary: NSString = NSTemporaryDirectory() as NSString
    }
    static let version: String = Bundle.main.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleShortVersionString") as! String
    static let build: String = Bundle.main.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleVersion") as! String

    // This is private because the use of 'appConfiguration' is preferred.
    private static let isTestFlight = Bundle.main.appStoreReceiptURL?.lastPathComponent == "sandboxReceipt"

    // This can be used to add debug statements.
    static var isDebug: Bool {
        #if DEBUG
        return true
        #else
        return false
        #endif
    }

    static var env: Env {
        if isDebug {
            return .debug
        } else if isTestFlight {
            return .testFlight
        } else {
            return .appStore
        }
    }
}