如何在Java中创建带有对象通配符（参数）的方法？

Question

Problem<NQueensBoard, QueenAction> problem = new GeneralProblem<>(createBoard(),
TailoredNQF::getIFActions, TailoredNQF::getResult, TailoredNQF::testGoal);

SearchForActions<NQueensBoard, QueenAction> search = new BreadthFirstSearch<>(new GraphSearch<>());
Optional<List<QueenAction>> actions = search.findActions(problem);
actions.ifPresent(qActions -> qActions.forEach(System.out::println));
System.out.println(search.getMetrics());

在这里，我希望“BroadthFirstSearch”是某种通配符（*）（或方法结构中的参数），这样我就可以像；

runCode(BreadthFirstSearch);
runCode(DepthFirstSearch);
...

没有重复。我该怎么做？

Answer 1

您需要使用接口或抽象类和依赖注入，来注入您想要执行的对象搜索类型。代码将如下所示：

public interface SearchForAction<N, Q> {
    Optional<List<Q>> findActions(Problem<N, Q> problem);
}

public class BreadthFirstSearch implements SearchForAction<N, Q> {
    Optional<List<Q>> findActions(Problem<N, Q> problem) {
        // Do your action
    }    
}

public class SearchEngine<N, Q> {
    
    private SearchForAction<N, Q> searchForAction;
    public Optional<List<Q>> runCode(SearchForAction<N, Q> searchForAction, Problem<N, Q> problem) {
        this.searchForAction = searchForAction;
        return this.searchForAction.findActions(problem);
    }
}

public class Program {

    private SearchEngine<NQueensBoard, QueenAction> searchEngine = new SearchEngine<>();
    private SearchForActions<NQueensBoard, QueenAction> breadthFirstSearch = new BreadthFirstSearch<>();
    private SearchForActions<NQueensBoard, QueenAction> depthFirstSearch = new DepthFirstSearch<>();

    // In your program call your method and you inject your dependency
    searchEngine.runCode(breadthFirstSearch);
    searchEngine.runCode(depthFirstSearch);
}