用Spock进行控制器测试中的模拟Spring服务

Question

我正在寻找一种方法来模拟Controller中使用的服务bean，这样我就可以使用MockMVC只测试Controller。但是我找不到一个简单的方法来用Spock Mock代替real bean。一切都使用spring-boot 1.3.2版本。更多细节如下：

我有一个以下控制器类

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/issues")
@AllArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
public class NewsletterIssueController {

  private final GetLatestNewsletterIssueService latestNewsletterIssueService;

  @RequestMapping(
    method = RequestMethod.GET,
    path = "/latest"
  )
  public ResponseEntity getLatestIssue() {
    Optional<NewsletterIssueDto> latestIssue = latestNewsletterIssueService.getLatestIssue();

    if (latestIssue.isPresent()) {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(latestIssue.get());
    } else {
        return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();
    }
  }
}

和集成Spock测试：

@ContextConfiguration(classes = [Application], loader = SpringApplicationContextLoader)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class NewsletterIssueControllerIntegrationSpec extends Specification {

  MockMvc mockMvc

  @Autowired
  GetLatestNewsletterIssueService getLatestNewsletterIssueService

  @Autowired
  WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext

  def setup() {
    ConfigurableMockMvcBuilder mockMvcBuilder = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext)
    mockMvc = mockMvcBuilder.build()
  }

  def "Should get 404 when latest issue does not exist"() {
    given:
        getLatestNewsletterIssueService.getLatestIssue() >> Optional.empty() // this won't work because it is real bean, not a Mock
    expect:
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .get("/issues/latest")
                .contentType(JVM_BLOGGERS_V1)
                .accept(JVM_BLOGGERS_V1)
        ).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isNotFound())
  }

}

我需要一种方法来替换这个autowired bean，用一个mock/stub这样我就可以在“给定”部分定义交互。

Answer 1

我将在测试中创建一个本地配置，并在那里重写bean。

我不知道Groovy，但在Java中它会这样：

@ContextConfiguration(classes = NewsletterIssueControllerIntegrationSpec.Conf.class, loader = SpringApplicationContextLoader.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class NewsletterIssueControllerIntegrationSpec extends Specification {
  @Configuration
  @Import(Application.class)
  public static class Conf {
    @Bean
    public GetLatestNewsletterIssueService getLatestNewsletterIssueService() {
      return mock(GetLatestNewsletterIssueService.class);
    }
  }

  // […]
}

注意：这种方法可以很好地与Mockito一起工作，但是您可能需要Spock的预发布版本才能工作，请参见:https://github.com/spockframework/Spock/pull/546

顺便说一句：Spring Boot1.4将提供@mockbean构造来简化这一点。