Mockito-模拟自动装配服务

Question

我有一个 Rest Controller 类，其中我正在自动布线服务层。现在我想模拟测试类中的服务层，但在运行我的测试类“想要但未调用”时遇到以下异常：dbCacheService.refreshCache（）;

控制器代码

public class AppController {
    @Autowired
    private DbCacheService dbCacheService;

    @GetMapping("/refresh")
    @ApiOperation(value = "Refresh the database related cache", response = String.class)
    public String refreshCache() {
        dbCacheService.refreshCache();
        return "DB Cache Refresh completed";
    }
}

测试类

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class SmsControllerTest {

    @Mock
    private DbCacheService dbCacheService;

    @BeforeMethod
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    void refreshCache() {
        Mockito.verify(dbCacheService, Mockito.times(1)).refreshCache();
    }
}

我是JUnit5和Mockito的新手。有人能告诉我哪里错了吗？

Answer 1

您实际上并没有在测试中调用Controller方法，这就是为什么它抱怨调用dbCacheService.refreshCache（）从未发生的原因。尝试以下操作：

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class SmsControllerTest {

    @Mock
    private DbCacheService dbCacheService;

    @InjectMocks
    private AppController appController;

    @BeforeMethod
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    void refreshCache() {
        appController.refreshCache();
        Mockito.verify(dbCacheService, Mockito.times(1)).refreshCache();
    }
}

尽管这可能有效，但这不是测试控制器的正确方法。您应该通过实际发出HTTP请求而不是方法调用来测试它们。为了做到这一点，您需要使用@WebMvcTest进行切片测试：

• https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-testing#unit-testing-with-webmvctest
• https://rieckpil.de/spring-boot-test-slices-overview-and-usage/

大致是:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(AppController.class)
public class AppControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private DbCacheService dbCacheService;

    @Test
    public void refreshCache() {
        mvc.perform(get("/refresh")
          .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
          .andExpect(status().isOk())

        Mockito.verify(dbCacheService, Mockito.times(1)).refreshCache();
    }
}