如果有多个问题是极好的_informational_for_me-垃圾神的答案、那个、那个以及其他几个没有回答我问题的问题,
我们应该如何设计与ActionListeners位置相关的类
(以及整体MVC分离-下文将详细解释)。
我已经读过关于MVC的文章,我想我理解了其中的大部分,为了这个问题,让我们假设这是真的。不谈细节:
现在,我的困惑涉及 ActionListeners - 哪个类应该注册 - 并且还包含 - 按钮的代码,或者实际上是大多数 View 元素的代码,这些元素实际上不仅仅是指标,而是模型操纵器?
比方说,我们在视图中有两个项目——用于更改模型数据的按钮和一些仅用于更改视图外观的可视项目。让代码负责在视图类中改变视图外观似乎是合理的。我的问题与第一个案例有关。我有几个想法:
.
└── test
├── controllers
│ └── Controller.java
├── models
│ └── Model.java
├── resources
│ └── a.properties
├── Something.java
└── views
├── TableFactory.java
└── View.java
编译方式:
运行方式:
清洁:
此代码还包含国际化存根,为此我提出了单独的问题,这些行已明确标记,并且不应对答案产生任何影响。
package test.controllers;
import test.models.Model;
import test.views.View;
public class Controller {
// Stub - doing nothing for now.
}
package test.models;
import java.util.Observable;
public class Model extends Observable {
}
package test;
import test.views.View;
import test.models.Model;
import test.controllers.Controller;
public class Something {
Model m;
View v;
Controller c;
Something() {
initModel();
initView();
initController();
}
private void initModel() {
m = new Model();
}
private void initView() {
v = new View(m);
}
private void initController() {
c = new Controller(m, v);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Something it = new Something();
}
});
}
}
package test.views;
import java.awt.*; // layouts
import javax.swing.*; // JPanel
import java.util.Observer; // MVC => model
import java.util.Observable; // MVC => model
import test.models.Model; // MVC => model
import test.views.TableFactory;
public class View {
private JFrame root;
private Model model;
public JPanel root_panel;
public View(Model model){
root = new JFrame("some tests");
root.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
root_panel = new JPanel();
root_panel.add(new TableFactory(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}));
this.model = model;
this.model.addObserver(new ModelObserver());
root.add(root_panel);
root.pack();
root.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
root.setVisible(true);
}
}
class ModelObserver implements Observer {
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
System.out.print(arg.toString());
System.out.print(o.toString());
}
}
package test.views;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
public class TableFactory extends JPanel {
private String[] cols;
private String[] buttonNames;
private Map<String, JButton> buttons;
private JTable table;
TableFactory(String[] cols){
this.cols = cols;
buttonNames = new String[]{"THIS", "ARE", "BUTTONS"};
commonInit();
}
TableFactory(String[] cols, String[] buttons){
this.cols = cols;
this.buttonNames = buttons;
commonInit();
}
private void commonInit(){
this.buttons = makeButtonMap(buttonNames);
DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel();
this.table = new JTable(model);
for (String col: this.cols)
model.addColumn(col);
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
JPanel buttons_container = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 0));
for (String name : buttonNames){
buttons_container.add(buttons.get(name));
}
JScrollPane table_container = new JScrollPane(table);
this.removeAll();
this.add(buttons_container);
this.add(table_container);
this.repaint();
}
private Map<String, JButton> makeButtonMap(String[] cols){
Map<String, JButton> buttons = new HashMap<String, JButton>(cols.length);
for (String name : cols){
buttons.put(name, new JButton(name));
}
return buttons;
}
}
编辑(回应下面的评论)
下一个信息来源
经过更多的思考,我理解了奥利维尔的评论,后来又理解了充满鳗鱼细节的气垫船......javax.swing.Action
=
只有两件事让我担心(两者都非常罕见,但仍然如此):
工作版本,压缩成一个Something.java文件。与< code > javac Something.java一起跑步
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Observer;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
class Controller {
private enum TYPE { RESET, ADD, DEL };
private Model model;
private View view;
public Controller(Model model, View view){
this.model = model;
this.view = view;
((TableFactory) view.tf).setObjectAction(
(Action) new ModelTouchingAction("reset*",TYPE.RESET),
"BUTTON1" );
((TableFactory) view.tf).setObjectAction(
(Action) new ModelTouchingAction("add*",TYPE.ADD),
"BUTTON2" );
((TableFactory) view.tf).setObjectAction(
(Action) new ModelTouchingAction("del*",TYPE.DEL),
"BUTTON3" );
}
class ModelTouchingAction extends AbstractAction {
private TYPE t;
public ModelTouchingAction(String text, TYPE type) {
super(text);
this.t = type;
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(this.t == TYPE.ADD)
model.add();
else if(this.t == TYPE.DEL)
model.del();
else
model.reset();
}
}
}
class Model extends Observable {
private ArrayList<String[]> data;
private static int cnt = 0;
Model(){ reset(); }
public void reset(){
data = new ArrayList<String[]>();
data.add(new String[]{"cell a1", "cell a2", "cell a3"});
data.add(new String[]{"cell b1", "cell b2", "cell b3"});
info();
}
public void add(){
cnt++;
data.add(new String[]{String.valueOf(cnt++),
String.valueOf(cnt++), String.valueOf(cnt++)});
info();
}
public void del(){
if (data.size()>0){
data.remove(data.size() - 1);
info();
}
}
private void info(){ setChanged(); notifyObservers(); }
public ArrayList<String[]> get(){ return data; }
}
public class Something {
Model m;
View v;
Controller c;
Something() {
initModel();
initView();
initController();
}
private void initModel() {
m = new Model();
}
private void initView() {
v = new View(m);
}
private void initController() {
c = new Controller(m, v);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Something it = new Something();
}
});
}
}
class View {
private JFrame root;
private Model model;
public JPanel root_panel;
public TableFactory tf;
public View(Model model){
root = new JFrame("some tests");
root.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
root_panel = new JPanel();
tf = new TableFactory(new String[]{"col1", "col2", "col3"});
root_panel.add(tf);
this.model = model;
this.model.addObserver(new ModelObserver(tf));
root.add(root_panel);
root.pack();
root.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
root.setVisible(true);
}
}
class ModelObserver implements Observer {
TableFactory tf;
ModelObserver(TableFactory tf){ this.tf = tf; }
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
if (null != o)
this.tf.populate(((Model) o).get());
// view reloads ALL from model, optimize it
// check what to check to get CMD from Observable
else
System.out.print("\nobservable is null");
if (null != arg)
System.out.print(arg.toString());
else
System.out.print("\narg is null. No idea if it should be.");
}
}
class TableFactory extends JPanel {
private String[] cols;
public String[] buttonNames;
private Map<String, JButton> buttons;
private JTable table;
TableFactory(String[] cols){
this.cols = cols;
buttonNames = new String[]{"BUTTON1", "BUTTON2", "BUTTON3"};
commonInit();
}
TableFactory(String[] cols, String[] buttons){
this.cols = cols;
this.buttonNames = buttons;
commonInit();
}
private void commonInit(){
this.buttons = makeButtonMap(buttonNames);
DefaultTableModel tabModel = new DefaultTableModel();
this.table = new JTable(tabModel);
for (String col: this.cols)
tabModel.addColumn(col);
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
JPanel buttons_container = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 0));
for (String name : buttonNames){
buttons_container.add(buttons.get(name));
}
JScrollPane table_container = new JScrollPane(table);
this.removeAll();
this.add(buttons_container);
this.add(table_container);
this.repaint();
}
public void populate(ArrayList<String[]> data){
((DefaultTableModel) table.getModel()).setRowCount(0);
for(String[] row:data) addRow(row);
}
private void addRow(String[] row){
((DefaultTableModel) table.getModel()).addRow(row);
// this is actually called only by populate, model does not have single
// row update here (and onUpdate ModelObserver cannot differentiate
// yet what method to call on Observable, TODO: check CMD? )
}
private void delRow(int rowID){
System.out.print("\nJPanel should be deleting table row " + rowID);
}
public void setObjectAction(Action action, String buttonName){
buttons.get(buttonName).setAction(action);
}
private Map<String, JButton> makeButtonMap(String[] cols){
Map<String, JButton> buttons = new HashMap<String, JButton>(cols.length);
for (String name : cols){
buttons.put(name, new JButton(name));
}
return buttons;
}
}
虽然@trashgod答案总结并在某种程度上扩展了评论的讨论,但我正在发布基于该讨论的丑陋(但有效)的解决方案(在控制器类中实现操作)
有什么需要改变的?
>
TableFactory-添加了public val setObjectAction(Action a, JButton b)
并允许公众访问Map
控制器类需要AbstractAction或从它继承的类的实现,以及将该类的对象设置为View的深度嵌套JComponent的代码。我发现这部分很难看,我不确定这种方法是否合理,或者是否有更好的解决方案(稍后会检查Hovercraft充满鳗鱼Beans)。
没有额外的变化是必要的,但我修改了View.java一点点,以显示这个问题的目的稍微好一点,或在不同的光(这使View.java比MCVE,但IMHO描述的目的更好)
package test.views;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import javax.swing.Action;
public class TableFactory extends JPanel {
private String[] cols;
private String[] buttonNames;
public Map<String, JButton> buttons;
private JTable table;
TableFactory(String[] cols){
this.cols = cols;
buttonNames = new String[]{"some", "buttons"};
commonInit();
}
TableFactory(String[] cols, String[] buttons){
this.cols = cols;
this.buttonNames = buttons;
commonInit();
}
private void commonInit(){
this.buttons = makeButtonMap(buttonNames);
DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel();
this.table = new JTable(model);
for (String col: this.cols)
model.addColumn(col);
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
JPanel buttons_container = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 0));
for (String name : buttonNames){
buttons_container.add(buttons.get(name));
}
JScrollPane table_container = new JScrollPane(table);
this.removeAll();
this.add(buttons_container);
this.add(table_container);
this.repaint();
}
private Map<String, JButton> makeButtonMap(String[] cols){
Map<String, JButton> buttons = new HashMap<String, JButton>(cols.length);
for (String name : cols){
buttons.put(name, new JButton(name));
}
return buttons;
}
public void setObjectAction(Action a, JButton b){
//it might be possible to set actions to something else than button, I imagine JComponent, but I havent figured out yet how
b.setAction(a);
}
}
package test.views;
import java.awt.*; // layouts
import javax.swing.*; // JPanel
import java.util.Observer; // MVC => model
import java.util.Observable; // MVC => model
import test.models.Model; // MVC => model
import test.views.TableFactory;
public class View {
private JFrame root;
private Model model;
public JPanel root_panel;
public JPanel some_views[];
public View(Model model){
root = new JFrame("some tests");
root.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
root_panel = new JPanel();
some_views = new JPanel[] {
new TableFactory(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}),
new TableFactory(new String[]{"e", "e"}) };
JTabbedPane tabs = new JTabbedPane();
for (JPanel tab: some_views){
String name = tab.getClass().getSimpleName();
tabs.addTab(name, null, tab, name);
//tab.setObjectAction(action, (JComponent) button); // can set internal 'decorative' View's action here, that are not interacting with Model
// for example, add new (empty) row to JTable, as this does not modify Model (yet)
}
root_panel.add(tabs);
this.model = model;
this.model.addObserver(new ModelObserver());
root.add(root_panel);
root.pack();
root.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
root.setVisible(true);
}
}
class ModelObserver implements Observer {
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
System.out.print(arg.toString());
System.out.print(o.toString());
}
}
package test.controllers;
import test.models.Model;
import test.views.View;
import javax.swing.Action;
import java.awt.event.*;
import test.views.TableFactory;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Controller {
private Model model;
private View view;
public Controller(Model model, View view){
this.model = model;
this.view = view;
((test.views.TableFactory)view.some_views[0]).setObjectAction(
(Action) new ModelTouchingAction("move along, nothing here"),
((test.views.TableFactory)view.some_views[0]).buttons.get("FIRST") );
}
class ModelTouchingAction extends AbstractAction {
public ModelTouchingAction(String text) {
super(text);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.print("Invoked: " + e.toString());
}
}
}
虽然模型-视图-控制器模式不是万灵药,但它是Swing应用程序设计中的一种常见模式。正如这里所提到的,Swing控件组件经常是视图包含层次结构的一部分:Swing应用程序的控制器除了将这些组件连接到相关的侦听器之外,可能没有什么事情要做;< code>Action的实例“可用于将功能和状态从组件中分离出来”,特别方便。在本例中,< kbd>Reset处理程序(一个简单的< code>ActionListener)嵌套在控制器中,但它也可以作为< code>Action从模型中导出。正如这里所建议的,你可能需要尝试不同的设计。这里列举了几种方法。
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