CubicCurve JavaFX

Question

我很难在JavaFX中使用立方曲线。如何绘制例如：y=x^3？绘制曲线的机制看起来非常笨拙。

还有，有没有可能将曲线的一个endpoint连接到另一个节点，这样当那个节点的位置改变时，曲线就会适应它？

谢谢

Answer 1

我认为JavaFX中的CubicCurves并不像你想象的那样工作。JavaFX三次曲线是一种贝塞尔曲线，与你在高中数学中经常遇到的y=x^3等三次多项式非常不同。你从来不想知道的关于贝塞尔曲线的一切都在这里。

贝塞尔曲线通常用于在计算机图形学中生成平滑曲线。它们由起点和终点以及一组用于操作曲线的控制点定义。您可以通过播放一个交互式示例来最好地了解它的工作原理，您可以在其中拖动起点、终点和控制点以形成不同的曲线。

如何绘制例如：y=x^3？

虽然可能有可能解决贝塞尔方程，以简化为一个多项式，如y=x^3，你可能想问math.stackexchange.com的问题，那里的数学家的水平将远远高于，例如，我。

另一种方法是运行一个循环，通过将函数应用于x值来计算x值的小增量的y值，然后为路径中每个计算出的点添加一条线。以下问答演示了这种方法:

• 在JavaFX中使用画布绘制笛卡尔平面图形

是否可以将曲线的一个endpoint连接到另一个节点，以便当该节点的位置发生变化时，曲线会适应它？

是的，请尝试下面的示例应用程序，其中曲线endpoint和控制点绑定到可拖动节点。曲线适应锚节点在拖动时位置的变化。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.*;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

/** Example of how a cubic curve works, drag the anchors around to change the curve. */
public class CubicCurveManipulator extends Application {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { launch(args); }
  @Override public void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {
    CubicCurve curve = createStartingCurve();

    Line controlLine1 = new BoundLine(curve.controlX1Property(), curve.controlY1Property(), curve.startXProperty(), curve.startYProperty());
    Line controlLine2 = new BoundLine(curve.controlX2Property(), curve.controlY2Property(), curve.endXProperty(),   curve.endYProperty());

    Anchor start    = new Anchor(Color.PALEGREEN, curve.startXProperty(),    curve.startYProperty());
    Anchor control1 = new Anchor(Color.GOLD,      curve.controlX1Property(), curve.controlY1Property());
    Anchor control2 = new Anchor(Color.GOLDENROD, curve.controlX2Property(), curve.controlY2Property());
    Anchor end      = new Anchor(Color.TOMATO,    curve.endXProperty(),      curve.endYProperty());

    stage.setTitle("Cubic Curve Manipulation Sample");
    stage.setScene(new Scene(new Group(controlLine1, controlLine2, curve, start, control1, control2, end), 400, 400, Color.ALICEBLUE));
    stage.show();
  }

  private CubicCurve createStartingCurve() {
    CubicCurve curve = new CubicCurve();
    curve.setStartX(100);
    curve.setStartY(100);
    curve.setControlX1(150);
    curve.setControlY1(50);
    curve.setControlX2(250);
    curve.setControlY2(150);
    curve.setEndX(300);
    curve.setEndY(100);
    curve.setStroke(Color.FORESTGREEN);
    curve.setStrokeWidth(4);
    curve.setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.ROUND);
    curve.setFill(Color.CORNSILK.deriveColor(0, 1.2, 1, 0.6));
    return curve;
  }

  class BoundLine extends Line {
    BoundLine(DoubleProperty startX, DoubleProperty startY, DoubleProperty endX, DoubleProperty endY) {
      startXProperty().bind(startX);
      startYProperty().bind(startY);
      endXProperty().bind(endX);
      endYProperty().bind(endY);
      setStrokeWidth(2);
      setStroke(Color.GRAY.deriveColor(0, 1, 1, 0.5));
      setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.BUTT);
      getStrokeDashArray().setAll(10.0, 5.0);
    }
  }

  // a draggable anchor displayed around a point.
  class Anchor extends Circle { 
    Anchor(Color color, DoubleProperty x, DoubleProperty y) {
      super(x.get(), y.get(), 10);
      setFill(color.deriveColor(1, 1, 1, 0.5));
      setStroke(color);
      setStrokeWidth(2);
      setStrokeType(StrokeType.OUTSIDE);

      x.bind(centerXProperty());
      y.bind(centerYProperty());
      enableDrag();
    }

    // make a node movable by dragging it around with the mouse.
    private void enableDrag() {
      final Delta dragDelta = new Delta();
      setOnMousePressed(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
          // record a delta distance for the drag and drop operation.
          dragDelta.x = getCenterX() - mouseEvent.getX();
          dragDelta.y = getCenterY() - mouseEvent.getY();
          getScene().setCursor(Cursor.MOVE);
        }
      });
      setOnMouseReleased(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
          getScene().setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
        }
      });
      setOnMouseDragged(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
          double newX = mouseEvent.getX() + dragDelta.x;
          if (newX > 0 && newX < getScene().getWidth()) {
            setCenterX(newX);
          }  
          double newY = mouseEvent.getY() + dragDelta.y;
          if (newY > 0 && newY < getScene().getHeight()) {
            setCenterY(newY);
          }  
        }
      });
      setOnMouseEntered(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
          if (!mouseEvent.isPrimaryButtonDown()) {
            getScene().setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
          }
        }
      });
      setOnMouseExited(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
          if (!mouseEvent.isPrimaryButtonDown()) {
            getScene().setCursor(Cursor.DEFAULT);
          }
        }
      });
    }

    // records relative x and y co-ordinates.
    private class Delta { double x, y; }
  }  
}

示例程序输出：