读取.tar文件中的.gz文件而不提取

Question

我有一个.tar文件，其中包含文件夹中的许多.gz文件。这些 gz 文件中的每一个都包含一个.txt文件。与此问题相关的其他堆栈溢出问题旨在提取文件。

我试图反复阅读每一个的内容。txt文件，因为。焦油很大。

首先我阅读了. tar文件的内容：

import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("FILE.tar")
tar.getmembers()

或在Unix中：

tar xvf file.tar -O

然后我尝试使用tarfile提取文件方法，但我得到一个错误：“模块'tarfile'没有属性'提取文件'”。此外，我甚至不确定这是正确的方法。

import gzip
for member in tar.getmembers():
    m = tarfile.extractfile(member)
    file_contents = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=m).read()

如果要创建示例文件以模拟原始文件：

$ mkdir directory
$ touch directory/file1.txt.gz directory/file2.txt.gz directory/file3.txt.gz
$ tar -c -f file.tar directory

在使用了马克·阿德勒的建议后，这是对我有效的最终版本:

import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("file.tar")
members = tar.getmembers()

# Here I append the results in a list, because I wasn't able to
# parse the tarfile type returned by .getmembers():
tar_name = []
for elem in members:
    tar_name.append(elem.name)

# Then I changed tarfile.extractfile to tar.extractfile as suggested: 
for member in tar_name:
    # I'm using this because I have other non-gzs in the directory
    if member.endswith(".gz"):    
        m=tar.extractfile(member)
        file_contents = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=m).read()

Answer 1

import gzip
import tarfile

with tarfile.TarFile("data.tar", 'r') as tar_fd:
    for files in tar_fd.getnames():
        if files.endswith(".gz"):
            file = tar_fd.extractfile(files)
            file_content = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=file).readline()
            print(file_content)

Answer 2

下面是unix行/bash命令：

要准备文件：

$ git clone https://github.com/githubtraining/hellogitworld.git
$ cd hellogitworld
$ gzip *
$ ls
build.gradle.gz  fix.txt.gz  pom.xml.gz  README.txt.gz  resources  runme.sh.gz  src
$ cd ..
$ tar -cf hellogitworld.tar hellogitworld/

以下是如何查看其自述文件：

$ tar -Oxf hellogitworld.tar hellogitworld/README.txt.gz | zcat

结果：

This is a sample project students can use during Matthew's Git class.

Here is an addition by me

We can have a bit of fun with this repo, knowing that we can always reset it to a known good state.  We can apply labels, and branch, then add new code and merge it in to the master branch.

As a quick reminder, this came from one of three locations in either SSH, Git, or HTTPS format:

* [e-mail]:matthewmccullough/hellogitworld.git
* git://github.com/matthewmccullough/hellogitworld.git
* https://[e-mail]/matthewmccullough/hellogitworld.git

We can, as an example effort, even modify this README and change it as if it were source code for the purposes of the class.

This demo also includes an image with changes on a branch for examination of image diff on GitHub.

请注意，我没有与这些git存储库相关联。

< li >标志<代码>-x =提取 < li >标记<代码>-O =不将文件写入文件系统，而是写入标准输出 < li >标志<代码>-f =指定文件

然后剩下的只是将结果传送到zcat，以查看STDOUT中未压缩的明文

Answer 3

您需要使用tar.extractfile（成员）而不是tarfile.extractfile（成员）。tarfile是类，不知道您打开的tar文件。tar是tarfile对象，它引用您打开的. tar文件。

要正确地完成它，请使用< code>next()而不是< code>getmembers()或< code>getnames()，这样您就不必两次读取整个tar文件:

with tarfile.open(sys.argv[1]) as tar:
    while ent := tar.next():
        if ent.name.endswith(".gz"):
            print(gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=tar.extractfile(ent)).read())