Firefox更新后无法使用Selenium打开浏览器

Question

我在Ubuntu桌面16.04上使用Selenium WebDriver，无法打开浏览器。在Firefox更新之后，我出现了以下错误（在此之前，一切都正常）：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 6, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 81, in __init__
    self.binary, timeout)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/extension_connection.py", line 51, in __init__
    self.binary.launch_browser(self.profile, timeout=timeout)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/firefox_binary.py", line 68, in launch_browser
    self._wait_until_connectable(timeout=timeout)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/firefox_binary.py", line 98, in _wait_until_connectable
    raise WebDriverException("The browser appears to have exited "
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: The browser appears to have exited before we could connect. If you specified a log_file in the FirefoxBinary constructor, check it for details.

Answer 1

解决方案：将Firefox升级到47.0.1，将Selenium升级到2.53.1。

这种组合对我很有效。

有关更多详细信息，请参阅https://stackoverflow.com/a/37728659/6469532

Answer 2

修正：目前的解决方案是降级Firefox！运行此命令以获取可用Firefox版本的列表。

apt-cache show firefox | grep Version

我的结果是：

Version: 47.0+build3-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
Version: 45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1

安装：

sudo apt-get install firefox=45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1

要保留此版本并禁止更新，请执行以下操作：

sudo apt-mark hold firefox

sudo apt-mark unhold firefox
sudo apt-get upgrade

Answer 3

从Firefox 47.0版（刚推出不久）开始，必须使用一个新的驱动程序（由mozilla而不是selenium创建）来连接Firefox，因为该版本中引入了一个bug。从Firefox 48.0版开始，旧的驱动程序将被完全弃用，只能使用木偶，所以最好现在就切换。请参阅：Firefox的木偶网络驱动程序

下载驱动程序（在OSX中只需使用brew安装geckodriver），将可执行文件重命名为wires。在windows上执行，或在*nix系统上连接，并确保可执行文件存在于系统路径中，然后在程序中使用此驱动程序，而不是旧的驱动程序，方法如下：

使用本地webdriver时：

蟒蛇：

firefox_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
firefox_capabilities['marionette'] = True

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=firefox_capabilities)

红宝石：

driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, marionette: true

Javascript：

var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox();
capabilities.set('marionette', true);

var driver = new webdriver.Builder().withCapabilities(capabilities).build();

爪哇：

java prettyprint-override">DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capabilities.setCapability("marionette", true);
Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(capabilities);

C#：

var driver = new FirefoxDriver(new FirefoxOptions());

使用硒网格时：

当使用selenium网格时，驱动程序应该出现在网格中所有机器的路径中。

蟒蛇：

firefox_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
firefox_capabilities['marionette'] = True
driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=firefox_capabilities)

红宝石：

caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefox marionette: true
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, desired_capabilities: caps

爪哇：

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
// Set Marionette on so the Grid will use this instead of normal FirefoxDriver
capabilities.setCapability("marionette", true);

WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(capabilities); 

C#：

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.Firefox();
// Set Marionette on so the Grid will use this instead of normal FirefoxDriver
capabilities.SetCapability("marionette", true);

var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(capabilities);