由于org.apache.catalina.LifeCycleException异常，无法在Tomcat8上启动应用程序？

Question

我将我的文件夹（myApp）复制到Tomcat8的webapps文件夹中。

然后我转到“Tomcat Web Application Manager”&在那里看到“/myApp”running=false。然后单击Start&发现了以下错误：

FAIL - Application at context path /myApp could not be started
FAIL - Encountered exception org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/myApp]]

 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<tomcat-users>

  <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
  <role rolename="manager-script"/>
  <role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
  <role rolename="manager-status"/>
  <role rolename="admin"/>
  <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin,manager-gui,manager-script"/>

</tomcat-users>

注意：这是myApp的web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    version="2.5">

    <display-name>myApp</display-name>

    <!-- Default page to serve -->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>myApp.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>


    <listener>
        <listener-class>myApp.server.guice.GuiceServletConfig</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>guiceFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>guiceFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <context-param>
    <!-- max size of the upload request -->
    <param-name>maxSize</param-name>
    <param-value>5145728</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>slowUploads</param-name>
    <param-value>200</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>uploadServlet</servlet-name>
    <!-- This is the default servlet, it puts files in session -->
    <servlet-class>myApp.server.SampleUploadServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>uploadServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.gupld</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SimpleCaptcha</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
        myApp.server.ExtendedCaptchaServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>width</param-name>
        <param-value>200</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>height</param-name>
        <param-value>50</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SimpleCaptcha</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/SimpleCaptcha.jpg</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

Catalina.2014-05-09.log：

    09-May-2014 04:52:27.290 SEVERE [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal ContainerBase.addChild: start: 
 org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/myApp]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:702)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:697)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1134)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1780)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.LinkageError: loader constraint violation in interface itable initialization: when resolving method "javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(Ljavax/servlet/ServletRequest;Ljavax/servlet/ServletResponse;)V" the class loader (instance of java/net/URLClassLoader) of the current class, gwtupload/server/UploadServlet, and the class loader (instance of org/apache/catalina/loader/WebappClassLoader) for interface javax/servlet/Servlet have different Class objects for the type let/ServletResponse;)V used in the signature
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredFields(Class.java:2397)
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields(Class.java:1806)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.Introspection.getDeclaredFields(Introspection.java:106)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadFieldsAnnotation(WebAnnotationSet.java:261)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationServletAnnotations(WebAnnotationSet.java:140)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationAnnotations(WebAnnotationSet.java:66)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.applicationAnnotationsConfig(ContextConfig.java:332)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:771)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:303)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5058)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    ... 10 more

09-May-2014 04:52:27.305 SEVERE [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Error deploying web application directory C:\tomcat8\webapps\myApp
 java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/myApp]]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:729)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:702)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:697)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1134)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1780)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

09-May-2014 04:52:27.321 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory C:\tomcat8\webapps\examples
09-May-2014 04:52:28.102 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory C:\tomcat8\webapps\host-manager
09-May-2014 04:52:28.133 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory C:\tomcat8\webapps\manager
09-May-2014 04:52:28.274 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory C:\tomcat8\webapps\ROOT
09-May-2014 04:52:28.336 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-May-2014 04:52:28.336 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
09-May-2014 04:52:28.336 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 13386 ms

Answer 1

看来您的应用程序包含的servlet api与您的Tomcat不同。检查应用程序库文件夹中是否有servlet-api.jar并尝试删除它。如果您使用Maven将servlet-api.jar的依赖范围设置为“provided”。