如何为Spring Boot Controllerendpoint编写单元测试

Question

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

@RestController
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class HelloWorld {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    String gethelloWorld() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }

}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = DemoApplication.class)
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    final String BASE_URL = "http://localhost:8080/";

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception{

         this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
                 .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                 .andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));
    }

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }

}

Answer 1

Spring MVC提供了一个standaloneSetup，它支持测试相对简单的控制器，而不需要上下文。

通过注册一个或多个@Controller实例并以编程方式配置Spring MVC基础结构来构建MockMvc。这允许完全控制控制器的实例化和初始化，以及它们的依赖关系，类似于普通的单元测试，同时也允许一次测试一个控制器。

控制器的示例测试可以简单到

public class DemoApplicationTests {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorld()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
           .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
           .andExpect(status().isOk())
           .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));

    }
}