java中带有mockito的记录器

Question

我在试着验证Mockito的记录器信息。

但是，我不能运行我的junit类来覆盖所有代码行。

你知道为什么吗？

    public class App {
      private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(App.class);

      public List<String> addToListIfSizeIsUnder3(final List<String> list, final String value) {
        if (list == null) {
            LOGGER.error("A null list was passed in");
            return null;
        }
        if (list.size() < 3) {
            list.add(value);
        } else {
            LOGGER.debug("The list already has {} entries"+ list.size());
        }
        return list;
    }
}

import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.log4j.Appender;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
import org.mockito.Captor;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class AppTest {
    private App uut;
    @Mock
    private Appender mockAppender;
    @Captor
    private ArgumentCaptor<LoggingEvent> captorLoggingEvent;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        uut = new App();

        Logger root = Logger.getRootLogger();
        root.addAppender(mockAppender);
        root.setLevel(Level.INFO);
    }

    /**
     * I want to test with over 3 elements.
     */
    @Test
    public void testWithOver3Element() {
        List<String> myList = new ArrayList<String>();
        myList.add("value 1");
        myList.add("value 2");
        myList.add("value 3");
        myList.add("value 4");
        List<String> outputList = uut.addToListIfSizeIsUnder3(myList, "some value");
        Assert.assertEquals(4, outputList.size());
        Assert.assertFalse(myList.contains("some value"));

try {
            verify(mockAppender, times(1)).doAppend(captorLoggingEvent.capture());
        } catch (AssertionError e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        LoggingEvent loggingEvent = captorLoggingEvent.getAllValues().get(0);
        Assert.assertEquals("The list already has {} entries", loggingEvent.getMessage());
        Assert.assertEquals(Level.DEBUG, loggingEvent.getLevel());
    }
}

需要但未调用：mockappender.doappend（）；->在AppTest.TestWithover3Element(AppTest.java:52)实际上，与这个模拟没有任何交互。

Answer 1

您可以做几件事来改进代码：

>

切换到SLF4J。这将允许您编写一个接口的代码，并且不知道下面的日志实现（在您的例子中是apache log4j)。

切换到slf4j将允许您在传递到日志记录框架时不必连接字符串-示例：

null

您正在尝试通过日志框架间接断言和捕获对对象的调用。这将是脆弱和容易出错的，因为您永远不知道日志记录框架中会在内部进行什么调用。仅模拟您的直接依赖关系。

不要测试日志记录语句。这不是类的可见行为，它使测试变得脆弱和复杂。此外，使用ArrayList（即语言的一部分）来处理日志记录语句允许它们得到充分的执行，并且它们向控制台输出信息，这些信息可能有助于调试失败的测试。脆弱的一个例子是，如果更改日志记录语句以添加更多信息，或者可能向方法添加另一条日志记录语句，则该测试可能会无缘无故地中断。至少不要断言调用的次数，因为这将是非常脆弱的。

以上所述，如果您必须测试与日志框架的交互--这里是运行并提供相同功能的代码的修改版本。这基本上是改进列表中的选项3-

package com.spring.mockito;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class AppTest {

    // create a mock of the logger
    @Mock
    private Logger logger;

    private App uut;

    // Not needed - dont test something that gets called through something else
    // @Captor
    // private ArgumentCaptor<LoggingEvent> captorLoggingEvent;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        // spy the class under test so we can override the logger method to return our mock logger
        uut = spy(new App());
        when(uut.logger()).thenReturn(logger);

        // Not needed test with the mock directly.
        // Logger root = Logger.getRootLogger();
        // root.addAppender(mockAppender);
        // root.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
    }

    /**
     * I want to test with over 3 elements.
     */
    @Test
    public void testWithOver3Element() {
        List<String> myList = Arrays.asList("value 1", "value 2", "value 3", "value 4");

        List<String> outputList = uut.addToListIfSizeIsUnder3(myList, "some value");

        Assert.assertEquals(4, outputList.size());
        Assert.assertFalse(myList.contains("some value"));
        verify(logger, times(1)).debug("The list already has {} entries4");

        // not needed
        // try {
        // verify(mockAppender, times(1)).doAppend(captorLoggingEvent.capture());
        // } catch (AssertionError e) {
        // e.printStackTrace();
        // }
        //
        // LoggingEvent loggingEvent = captorLoggingEvent.getAllValues().get(0);
        // Assert.assertEquals("The list already has {} entries", loggingEvent.getMessage());
        // Assert.assertEquals(Level.DEBUG, loggingEvent.getLevel());
    }

    public static class App {
        private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(App.class);

        public List<String> addToListIfSizeIsUnder3(final List<String> list, final String value) {
            if (list == null) {
                logger().error("A null list was passed in");
                return null;
            }
            if (list.size() < 3) {
                list.add(value);
            } else {
                // if you use slf4j this concatenation is not needed
                logger().debug("The list already has {} entries" + list.size());
            }
            return list;
        }

        // make a package private method for testing purposes to allow you to inject a mock
        Logger logger() {
            return LOGGER;
        }
    }
}